60 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
what species? (13) Have you observed in certain species any 
peculiar change of colour; mules or hybrids? (14) Have you 
noticed any bird, that you could identify by certain peculiarities, 
which has returned year after year to the same spot ? 
III. Migration.— With regard to the migration of birds, the 
following points should be noted :—(1) Day and hour of the first 
arrival; (2) of the arrival of the main flock; (8) of arrival of 
stragglers; (4) of commencement of departure ; (5) of departure 
of main flock; (6) of departure of stragglers. (7) Mention any 
species that you have observed to depart in spring, and the 
probable cause of such departure. Did the movement extend 
to every individual of the species, or only to a limited number ? 
When and in what sort of weather did they reappear? (8) Note 
the direction of the birds’ flight in general, and that of each 
species in detail. (9) Weather and wind on day of taking 
observation. In the case of any extraordinary flight, note the 
state of the weather on the days preceding and following it. 
(10) Which species have you observed to fly with the wind, and 
which against it? (11) What localities are selected as resting- 
places by certain species? Do these differ according to the time 
of year; and what do you consider to be the reason of their 
choice? (12) Have you noticed whether male and female, or 
young and old birds of a particular species fly together or 
separately ? (13) What species appear singly, in pairs, in family 
parties, or in flocks? (14) What species have migrated to your 
neighbourhood or disappeared; when did this take place; and 
what do you take to be the reason? (15) Is the direction of their 
flight affected by the course of any river, the windings of a 
valley, or position of hills? When a hill stands in the line of 
flight, do the birds fly over it or go round it? (16) Which 
species avoid any such obstacle, and which fly over it ? 
IV. Breeding. — (1) How often in the year does each species 
breed? (2) At what date was each “clutch” found, and how 
many eggs in each? (3) What interval occurred between the 
depositing of each egg? (4) How long was the period of 
incubation ? Did the male take part in it, and if so, when did he 
relieve the female? (5) Do the eggs laid by young birds differ 
in colour and shape from those of old ones? (6) Which species 
use the same nest for a second brood, in the same or following 
year, and which build a new nest? (7) What localities are 
