170 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
all the toes on the outer side and to the very tip of the fifth toe. 
In R. t. parvipalmata, in summer, the following phalanges are free : 
—I. and II. of first toe; I. and II. of second on the inner side, 
and II. and half of I., or even both I. and II., on the outer ; half 
of I. and II. and III. (or all three) on the inner side, and II. and 
III. on the outer side of third; II., III. and IV. of fourth, and 
II. and III. (or only half of II.) of fifth. 
During the breeding season the web is a little more extensive, 
but never greater than that of R. temporaria typica when most 
reduced. The toes in the latter form may be termed three- 
fourths webbed in the spring, and two-thirds in the summer; 
and in R. parvipalmata two-thirds webbed in the spring and half 
webbed in summer. 
Feet of Rana temporaria parvipalmata. 
Although so short a web is not known to occur in R. tem- 
poraria of Northern and Central Europe, an allied species, R. 
arvalis, not unfrequently resembles the Spanish frog in this 
respect. In other characters this form agrees with the typical 
R. temporaria, except that the interorbital space is usually a little 
narrower, and the nostril is nearer the eye than the tip of the snout. 
There are likewise specimens with shorter and blunter or longer 
and more pointed snout, and with longer or shorter limbs; the 
tibiotarsal articulation, however, never reaches beyond the tip of 
the snout. 
The coloration of the upper parts varies considerably, and 
nearly to the same extent as in the typical form; reddish speci- 
mens are the most frequent. The lower surfaces are usually 
yellow or cream-coloured, more or less profusely spotted with 
red, and with small brown spots or vermiculations on the throat. 
After immersion in spirits the lower parts assume a rather 
peculiar aspect, which, in many cases, readily distinguishes this 
form from its ally. The red and yellow having entirely dis- 
appeared, these parts are white, with brown vermiculations on 
