414 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
In conclusion, I should like to point out that some of the 
colour modifications, which have been already alluded to as more 
or less specific in contradistinction to such variations as are 
universal, seem to be more widely diffused than has hitherto 
been generally recognised. These colours, of course, are due to 
the organic pigments in the periostracum and shell, deposited 
from the pigment-glands in the mantle of the animal, and 
consequently their modifications are dependent on certain 
physiological changes in the latter, the cause and nature of 
which are as yet unknown. Certain it is, however, that many 
other mollusks besides the subject of this note are liable to the 
same or closely similar variations in coloration. Thus Helix 
aspersa varies from a pale yellow through tawny to dark red- 
brown and almost brown-black. Helix nemoralis and H. 
hortensis, as every one knows, are both yellow and pink and 
olive-brown, whilst more rarely lilac examples are met with. 
H. (Nanina) citrina, Linn., has also a range of colour from 
yellow to red-brown, and slate-coloured examples are known. 
Amongst the gaudy-coloured Helices from the Philippines, 
H. mirabilis, Sow., varies from pale to dark yellow-brown; and 
H. polychroa, Sow., from a pale brown tinged with streaks of 
green, to green and to dark coffee-brown. Many other instances 
might be adduced, but enough has, I think, been said to show 
there exists some general law at present imperfectly, if at all 
understood, which it would be well to bear in mind when 
treating of colour variations ; and this it was which prompted 
me in the foregoing note to confine myself to general terms 
when dealing with the colour modifications of H. arbustorum, 
and to speak of the ‘‘ fulvous type” and the ‘‘ rufous type.” 
NOTES ON THE VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF 
LEICESTERSHIRE. 
By Monyracu Browne, F.Z.S. 
Curator, Town Museum, Leicester. 
(Continued from p. 338). 
Sylvia cinerea, Bechstein. Whitethroat. “ Peggy.”—Summer 
migrant, arriving in April and leaving in September. Generally 
distributed, and breeding. Harley says, ‘The young, before 
they are fully fledged, not unfrequently leave the nest, and creep 
— a a 
