102 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



Fringllla ccelcbs, and the North African F. spodiogena: while 

 analogous variation is seen in the case of some butterflies. It 

 is curious that under almost similar conditions of existence 

 these variations should be persistent. I am not aware whether 

 the North African Chaffinch migrates South, but it is supposed 

 never to cross the Straits; it. thus opens a very interesting 

 question on the subject of migration — that these two birds, 

 (F. ccelebs and F. spodiogena) should respectively stop short on 

 the very shore of a narrow sea. 



The Apes on the Rock had bred well, and it was interesting to 

 watch them on the trees in some of the gardens. On one occa- 

 sion I saw at least three very young ones with them, and I 

 particularly noticed the way in which their mothers carried 

 them — which as a rule was on their bellies, the young ones 

 holding on with their feet and hands as their mothers jumped 

 from branch to branch ; sometimes the mothers holding them 

 with one hand, but usually the little one had to cling on unaided; 

 sometimes they were carried on their mothers' backs. 



As regards the land shells of Gibraltar, from information I 

 have gathered and from my own observation, there are twenty 

 species found on the Rock, of which Pupa calpeana is supposed 

 to be found in no other locality. The following is the list : — 

 Helix aspersd (Mull), H. acuta (Drap.), II. pisana (Mull.), II. 

 marmorata (For.), II. luteatd (Parr.), II. sherzeri (Geleb), H. 

 lenticularia (Morel), //. conspurcata (Drap.), H. hyalina, II. 

 coquandi (Morel), II. lactca, II. apieina (Ferr.), Ferrusaica vescoi 

 (Morel), Bultmus tnuicatus, Pupa calpeana (Wester.), Cyclostoma 

 clcgans, and four unnamed ; a white variety of II. lactea is also 

 found at the highest part of the Rock. In summer every twig 

 and dried remains of herbage is laden with Helices, chiefly if not 

 all H. pisana, the fierce heat of the sun apparently not harming 

 them ; of the above list all but P. calpeana, and three of the 

 unnamed ones are more or less common. I cannot suppose 

 that the list is complete, but that if the gardens were thoroughly 

 searched, containing as they do a number of imported shrubs and 

 plants, some new species would be found. In conclusion I would 

 add that, uninviting as the Rock of Gibraltar looks, especially in 

 summer, yet to those interested in any branch of Natural History 

 there is a ready field for their investigation. Well worked as the 

 Ornithology of the Straits has been by Col. Irby and other 



