380 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



Prof. Westwood commented on the great interest of this last announce- 

 ment, remarking that the three cases of lepidopterous parasitism on the 

 Fulgoridce already recorded by him (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 519 ; 

 1877, p. 433) occurred on eastern species. 



The Secretary, on behalf of Mr. G. Lewis, exhibited the types and 

 material used by Dr. Sharp for his memoir on the Japan Pselaphidm. Also 

 the specimens on which Mr. Lewis has founded his new species of Lucanidce, 

 and which will be figured in the ' Transactions.' Another box was also 

 exhibited containing twenty-four male examples of Cladognathus inclinatus, 

 Motsch., showing the large and small forms with various connecting links. 



Dr. D. Sharp communicated a " Revision of the Pselaphidce of Japan." 

 These consist of sixty-seven species assigned to seventeen genera, nine of 

 which are peculiar to Japan. 



Mr. G. Lewis communicated a paper " On the Lacanid(C of Japan." 



Prof. Westwood and Dr. F. Leuthner made some extended remarks on 

 this memoir and on Mr. Lewis's exhibitions 



Mr. P. Cameron communicated the "Descriptions of sixteen new 

 species of parasitic Cynipida, chiefly from Scotland." 



Prof. Westwood read a " Further notice concerning the Fig Insects of 

 Ceylon." — E. A. Fitch, Hon. Secretary. 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



On the Gapes Disease in Gallinaceous Birds, and on the Parasite 

 which causes it. By Pierre Megnin. 8vo, 23 pp., with 

 two coloured plates. London : West, Newman & Co. 1883. 



There exists amongst gallinaceous birds, especially amongst 

 the young of from one to six months old, a serious malady in the 

 form of an epidemic known as " gapes" (from its chief symptom, 

 a frequent yawning or gaping), and this malady, as many game- 

 preservers know to their cost, is very frequently fatal. Various 

 conjectures have been made as to its cause and origin, and 

 various remedies, or so-called remedies, have been prescribed by 

 keepers ; but until lately no really satisfactory and scientific 

 researches on the subject have been carried out. 



It has, of course, long been known that the disease is caused 

 by parasitical worms which attach themselves to the trachea, and 

 which by preventing the passage of air, cause death by suffocation. 

 But these parasites had not been traced through their earlier or 

 embryonic stages, and there was still a good deal to learn about 



