462 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



shores. The constancy of these periodical phenomena is sug- 

 gestive of some settled law or principle governing the movement. 

 It is clearly evident, from the facts already at our disposal, that 

 there are two distinct migrations going forward at the same time, 

 one the ordinary flow in the spring and ebb in the autumn across 

 the whole of Europe. A great migratory wave move to and from 

 the nesting- quarters of the birds, in the coldest part of their 

 range, north-east in the spring and south-west in the autumn. 

 Quite independent of this there is a continual stream of immi- 

 grants, week by week and month by month, to the eastern shores 

 of these islands, coming directly across Europe from east to west, 

 or more commonly four points south of east to north of west, and 

 the reverse in the spring. These immigrants are mainly composed 

 of those common and well-known species which annually make 

 these islands their winter quarters, and, as a rule, take the place 

 of our summer birds. They come in one broad stream, but denser 

 on some special lines or highways than others. Cutting the line 

 of ordinary migration at nearly right angles, one flank brushes the 

 Orkney and Shetland Isles, pouring through the Pentland Firth, 

 even touching the distant Faroes ; the southern wing crosses the 

 Channel Islands, shaping its course in a north-westerly direction 

 to the English coast. 



ON SOME SO-CALLED FISH-EATING BIRDS AT THE 

 INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION. 



By E. Cambridge Phillips, F.L.S.* 



The extraordinary and almost unlooked-for success which has 

 attended the Fisheries Exhibition, and the enormous numbers of 

 the people of all classes that have up to the present time visited 

 it, must open our eyes to the fact that Science is at length steadily 

 and surely working its way among the masses, who have been only 

 too anxious to enjoy that practically scientific treat which the 

 International Fisheries Exhibition has been and is still afford- 

 ing them. 



Among the various collections exhibited, those of the British 

 piscivorous and non-piscivorous birds particularly attracted my 



* A paper read before the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club at Hereford, 

 October 4th, 1883. 



