36 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



with the complete absence of any kind of bibliography ; the author 

 is so careful to refer to his authorities by name that he makes this 

 absence all the more felt ; and, if he would have us compare him 

 with the author of that great work which is still in some points 

 unequalled, — with the veteran Von Siebold, — he stands, in this 

 particular at any rate, on a level so much lower as to be beyond 

 comparison. In a work now appearing in its fourth edition, with 

 which we shall compare his in a moment, — the ' Zoologie,' namely, 

 of Prof. Claus, — we find sufficient references to direct us to the 

 monographs on which works such as these must always be based, 

 and the want of which must be so much felt by the student of 

 Pagenstecher that we hope the author will find it possible to 

 issue some systematically arranged list of the papers which he 

 has consulted. 



As to the question of figures, the three notable German works 

 on Zoology, — those of Siebold (or Siebold and Stannius), of 

 Carus and Gerstaecher, and of Claus, — are all without illustra- 

 tions ; on the other hand, Owen and Huxley, in this country, have 

 always presented a certain number of figures or diagrams, more 

 or less satisfactory. There are, therefore, two points of view ; 

 the former has the advantage of forcing the student to consult the 

 original monograph from which the parts are drawn ; the latter 

 has the advantage of being much more compendious. From 

 Prof. Pagenstecher we never learn anything as to the existence of 

 those monographs, which are the veriest treasures of the thorough 

 student, and he is therefore bound to atone for this defect by 

 being compendious. As to the figures themselves, one has to 

 speak with some difficulty, for while some are passable and clear, 

 others are badly printed and almost unintelligible ; on the other 

 hand, it is true that our old favourites are welcomely absent, and 

 the monographs of which we have spoken have been largely and 

 justifiably drawn upon. 



On the whole, then, it would seem that a general ti'eatise, like 

 a simple manual, of Zoology can never be prepared without meeting 

 with somewhat severe, though, we trust, not in this case carping 

 or ungracious, criticism. Even yet another trouble remains, — 

 due, however, to a cause which we can hardly lament, — " Den 

 wahrend dieser Zeit im iiberreichen Flusse der zoologischen 

 Literatur erschienenen werthvollen Arbeiten." The third volume 

 of this work is completely devoted to the organs of respiration ; 



