in Anatomy and Physiology. 265 
V. On the seat of the Sugar formation in the Animal Body.* 
As is well known, Bernard (Compt. Rend. xxxi, p. 572, 573,) 
has shown the existence of sugar in the liver, not only of all 
vertebrates, but also in that of the Gasteropoda, Acephala, and 
capods. F'rerichs (Article, Verdauung m AR. goner’s 
Hand wérterb, d. Physiol. p. $31,) has confirmed these observa- 
tions for the liver of man, and many animals; Van den Broek 
‘(Nederlandsch Lancet, p. 108-110) for that of dogs and rabbits ; 
Baumert (Erdmann’s Journal, liv, p. 359) for that of the fox, 
the dog, the cat, and the sheep; and Kunde and Lehmann 
(Kunde, De Hepatis ranarum exstirpatione, Diss. Berolini, 1850, 
p. 11) for that of frogs. 
I selected twelve frogs for my investigations, (says Dr. Mole- 
Schott,) and notwithstanding the smallness of their livers, so 
much sugar appeared that it was easily shown by 'Trommei’s test. 
Bernard and Lehmann regard this sugar of the liver as grape- 
sugar. 
The question arises, is this sugar of the liver derived from the 
blood, or is it formed by the liver proper? Bernard advocates 
the latter view, since he has thus obtained the sugar wholly inde- 
pendent of the food, with the Carnivora and Herbivora, with ani- 
mals famished during hibernation, and with the foetus in utero. 
Frerichs, Van den Broek, and Baumert, have repeated: these ob- 
servations and confirmed them. 
Still more important is the result obtained by Bernard (loc. 
cit.) and Lehmann (Hrdmann’s Journal liti, p. 214, 215) that 
the partal blood of the dog and horse contain little or no sugar, 
while the blood of the hepatic vein contains, like no other vein 
in the body, this substance in considerable quantity. 
To these data I would add a fact of some import. If the 
sugar is not found in the liver, but is only strained off, as it were, 
by this last from the blood, then the blood of those animals 
whose liver had been removed would be found surcharged with 
sugar, exactly as the blood is filled with urea in animals whose 
kidneys have been removed. But with frogs, some of which had 
been without the liver for fourteen days, others for three weeks, 
I found no sugar in the blood, flesh, gastric juice, urine, nor final- 
y in the water in which twenty-six of these animals thus muti- 
lated had passed two days. 
From all these facts it appears to me indubitable that the sugar 
Contained in the liver is formed by the liver itself. 
* Translated from Miiller’s Arch. 1855, March, p. 86. 
(Ueber die Bildungstiitte des Zuckers im Thierkérper. By Dr. Jac. Moleschott.y 
34 
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