the Geographical Distribution of Marine Species. 317 
Other particulars respecting the — regions through 
the Pacific will be gathered from t 
Indian Ocean Regions.—The Tord pat covers the larger 
. part of the Indian Ocean, including all north of the equator, and 
embracing the larger part of Madagascar. The Subtorrid extends 
just beyond Port Natal on the African coast (four degrees of lati- 
tude north of Cape Town), where there are coral reefs, and also 
covers the northern part of the Red Sea. The Warm ‘Temperate 
and Temperate regions each claim a part of the South African 
coast, and the latter terminates at Cape Lagulhas 
It he ence follows that Port Natal, in latitude 30° south, the Ha- 
waiian Islands, and Bermudas, lie within regions of the same name ; 
while Cape Town, in latitude 34° south, is in a like region with 
sitter New Zealand, Valparaiso, the Atlantic shores of Por- 
tugal, and the sea between Cape Hatteras and Cape 
The areas of the Torrid, Temperate, and Frigid zones of ocean 
temperature, either side of the equator, considering 27° as the 
normal limit between the first two of these zones, pot ~~ the 
limit between the Frigid and Temperate, are as follov 
Torrid zone, 33,711,200 square moles (geographical) 
500 
Frigid zone, 12,694,700 “ + 4 
It is hence seen that the Temperate zone, although two degrees 
wider than the Torrid, has not as large a surface. The species of 
marine life, if distributed equally over the two, would, prereset 
be one-fifth more numerous in the Torrid zone than in the Tem 
ate, unless the extent of ocean and coast line were far greater in be 
the former, as it does not abound in islands like the Torrid zone. * 
It is difficult to fix upon exact ratios and we do not attempt 1 
The following table gives very closely the surface of the z in square geo 
pean miles, sp es degr ome of latiinde to the poul'g. of 80? : it is dodiinke 
from a larger table 5 "Pocotinta th in his Linder- und Vélker-k o irs 
* sag zone from the equator to the parallel of 24°, the second, ted 24° to 5°. and 
“34° eievigt ccna  BSSeage ihe nei 10 Ree 
5° 3,232,800 oe ee eee 2,693,760 
"4 8,220,496 374° 2,612,6: 
be 202,048 40° 2,526,624 
124° 8,177,472 424° 2,435,776 
15 3,146,912 45° 840,256 
174° 3,110,320 474° 2,241,280 
20 3,067,808 50° 2,136,128 
224° ~ 8,019,472 524° 2,027,840 
2,962,176 55° 1,915,696 
274° 2,905,632 574° 1,767,168 
° 840,368 6 : te 
bed “6 ! . . Ca , ’ 
The zone from 60° to a has t area, ; a sentne 
“ go°to9o® i * Le 
