78 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JANUARY 
and (3) that in which the rotation of the xylem and bifurcation of the phloem 
of the cotyledonary bundle take place in the cotyledon (as Pinus); and that the 
numerous cotyledons obtaining in many plants have been formed by the splitting 
of the preexisting ones.—J. M. C 
Plant formations at Victoria Falls —Miss Grpps?7 has published an enumera- 
tion of the plants collected in two localities in southern Rhodesia during a period 
of three months. The list is a long one, and the new species are numerous. A 
second part of the paper describes the plant formations in the vicinity of Victoria 
Falls, three distinct regions being recognized: (1) The veldt, or open forest growth, 
which is found throughout southern Rhodesia, extending on both sides of the 
Zambesi River as far as the eye can see; (2) a region limited to the immediate 
banks of the Zambesi and the islands above Victoria Falls, in which Eugenia 
guineensis is dominant; (3) a region including the bog edge of Livingstone 
Island and that of the rainy forest in general, dominated by Eugenia cordata. 
The four plates reproduce eight photographs of characteristic plants and plant 
formations.—J. M. C. 
Aluminum in soil and water eateeeee —RorHer?® gives in preliminary 
form the work done by his pupils on the general relation of plants to aluminum.”* 
The soluble salts of this metal and also to some extent the insoluble phosphates 
will enter the plant from soil and water cultures. Entrance to the plant occurs 
much more readily from the water than from the soil cultures. After entering 
the roots the solutes do not migrate to other tissues but accumulate in the tissues 
of the root, so that on analysis nearly all and in some cases all of the metal found 
is in the roots. Very dilute solutions were found to stimulate growth, while 
the more concentrated ones were toxic.—RAYMOND H. Ponp. 
Conifers of China.—Masrerrs?? has enumerated the conifers of China, which 
is of special interest since the China-Japan region contains more endemic genera 
of conifers than any other. The 89 species recognized are distributed among 
21 genera as follows: Podocarpus (7), Dacrydium, Cephalotaxus (6), Torreya 
(2), Taxus, Pinus (14, with 2 new species), Larix (7), Pseudolarix, Picea (15, with 
2 new species), Tsuga (5), Pseudotsuga, Keteleeria (4), Abies (8, with a new 
species), Cunninghamia, Taiwanja, Crypt spear ce roe Libocedrus, 
Thuja (2), Cupressus (3), Juniperus (7).— 
Freezing.—What kills a plant when it freezes? Various answers have been 
made to this question, the current one (PFEFFER, Jost) being that death is due 
27 Gipss, Miss L. S., A contribution to = botany of southern Rhodesia. Jour. 
Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 425-494. pls. 17-20. 
28 ROTHERT, W., Das Verhalten der aie gegeniiber dem Aluminium. (Vor. 
Ber.) Bot. Zeit. 64:43-52. 1906. 
_ 29 MASTERS, MAXWELL T., On the conifers of China. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 
372 410-424. 1906. 
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