1888. | BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 19747 
the two layers of the elater are differently stained. The 
outer layer is probably cellulose and the inner lignine, as 
stated by Sablou. In Schultze’s solution the outer layer 
does not seem to give a characteristic cellulose reaction; the 
inner layer is stained yellowish brown. In iodine solution, 
with subsequent addition of sulphuric acid, the outer layer 
oa elater shows, after an hour or two, a decidedly blue 
color 
_ Recarrrutation: I. The first step in spore-dissemina- 
ton is the separation of the sporangia-bearing scales by the 
elongation of the axis of the spike, thus allowing free circu- 
lation of air for drying spores and sporangia, and otis 
r - Spaces for the escape of the spores after dehiscence 0 
€ dry : 
~The comp s of trans- 
together 
Moreover, the unequal contraction in length an 
the Strong external layer of cells of the sporang 
Sults Ina 
shortening of the ventral wall, thus causing a wide opening — 
n the ruptured sporangium for the passage of the spores 
eo. bye : 
eiactorily explained by the difference in chemical compos! 
Ea, the two layers composing them. 
