1388. - BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 225 
The flower of Campanula Americana?? looks outward and 
a little downward, and would be regular but for the curva-. 
ture of the style. The genus is actinomorphic, but this species 
is in the first stage of zygomorphy. Bees light upon the 
flower in such a way that the ventral surface of the abdomen 
strikes the pollen-bearing style in the male stage and the open 
stigma in the female stage. The style is bent down, so that 
the epigynous nectary is only accessible on the upper side. 
he uppermost flower of the spike commonly blooms before 
many of those below it. This flower often stands nearly 
erect and its style is nearly straight, so that it has much the 
Same insect relations as in a terminal regular flower. 
gamopetalous flowers with exserted stamens and 
under the stamens and styles, so that these organs strike it 
On the back. The flower is, therefore, nototribe from the 
Start, and it becomes advantageous for the organs to bend to 
€ upper side of the flower and turn the anthers and stigmas 
89 that they will strike the insect more effectua J. A) ee 
he lower nectary is most convenient, since it is in front 
of the landing. When stamens and styles turn to the 
tary may be retained on the lower side, or a pee 
central nectary may become more strongly developed or only 
accessible on the lower side. : h ee 
at these conditions in the insect Sondeuter ae fag es 
the production of nototribe flowers is supporte ne hulae 
that such flowers belong to gamopetalous orders, Scrop 
lace, Labi ; 
’ atz, etc. aes 
: e sterno-— 
But some flowers belonging to these orders are st | 
tribe, such as Scrophularia. - 
80 ares ee ee ia EME. SE Barnes 
For an ace dry of this plant and figs. see Dar! 
fae @22'PI: Xigs. ands. Ghe Hower is adapted to the anger bees ApIOG, | 
following insects on the flowers: enoptera—(a) Ap De Geer (n); (4) Apathus 
latue py.’ (2) B. separatus Cress. (m); (3) B. Femmeyiaeg le brevis Say (f) ; 
r. (m); (5) Melissodes bimaculata St. Farg. (mn) ; ) Augochlora, pura 
ve; ¢ : The A 
pe 
king as de, abo b) Andrenidz : (7) Halictus sp. (i 
; both collecting pollen : (9) Prosopis affinis Sm. (f); eating Pt ) 
aved dysteleologically, Ting flowers in the male stage. cardui L., 
Phila etn eologieally, only visi Poors ‘Nymphalide: Pyrameis 
nd ne ; ; 
