Marcu 24, 1904] 
NATURE 
483 
The subject of Herr Liipke’s little book is the sig- 
nificance of genius; the basis from which the subject 
is developed is the work of Eugen Kiihnemann. The 
exposition of Kithnemann’s importance is combined 
with original suggestions, but the author admits that 
no exact distinction between these parts can be made. 
The point selected for emphasis is the method adopted 
by Ktihnemann of studying thought in a concrete way ; 
to understand a thinker we must study the life-history 
of his thought, exposing the soil and climate of its 
growth. This scientific analysis has been applied by 
Kuihnemann in his works on Socrates and Herder. 
The result is a more adequate recognition of per- 
sonality as the object of Geisteswissenschaft and a 
clearer idea of the meaning of personality. From this 
certain deductions follow. Genius means the ability 
adequately to express oneself; it implies a penetration 
into the very depths of our own being—and, conse- 
quently, a power to reach the depths common to all 
humanity. In both aspects, whether of the method by 
which we interpret the thought or of the manner in 
which the thought expresses the being of the thinker, it 
is equally true to say that thus the word becomes flesh. 
The author is here very much in touch with the sig- 
nificance which recent writers in Germany give to the 
term ‘‘ Geisteswissenschaft.’’ He has a_ further 
interest in relating this movement to theology and the 
progress of scientific theology. The point that in the 
life of genius the word becomes flesh, indicates the 
direction in which we are to look for the expected 
development. The author makes the noteworthy re- 
mark that the battle for a God is not to be fought in 
the sphere of natural science, but in this study of per- 
sonality. Though brief, the essay is singularly sug- 
gestive. 
The published proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 
are always of considerable interest. If comparison is 
permitted, the contributions to this number seem more 
than usually interesting, while the whole series is per- 
vaded with an atmosphere of life and activity. The 
first paper is an able criticism of ‘‘ Mr. Bradley’s 
Theory of Judgment ’’ by Prof. Stout, whose work: Dr. 
Bosanquet rightly says is ‘‘ always thorough and of 
the highest scientific quality.’” The essay on ‘‘ The 
Logic of Pragmatism ’’ (Henry Sturt) is a timely con- 
tribution on a subject that at present stands in some 
need of complete exposition. Prof. Latta’s treatment 
of ‘‘ The Significance of the Sub-conscious ”’ is a dis- 
tinctly helpful contribution, marked by a lucidity too 
rarely associated with his subject; a little infusion of 
this same quality would have achieved something to- 
ward making the contribution of another writer (‘‘ Ex- 
perience and Empiricism ’’) more intelligible. 
In all there are eight papers, and all are worth read- 
ing. In view of the quality of the work, it seems a 
pity that the Society should have to record a decrease 
in membership. This is certainly ‘‘ matter for regret,’’ 
and however much the spirit of the times is opposed to 
the speculative life, there must be many students of 
philosophy who do not support the Society ; to such this 
volume should be an eloquent proof of the advantages 
of cooperation in the search after truth. Gr Si B: 
NO. 1795, VOL. 69| 
PEAKS AND PASSES OF GREECE. 
Vacation Days in Greece. By Rufus B. Richardson, 
formerly Director of the American School of Archae- 
ology, Athens. Pp. xili+240; illustrated. (London : 
Smith, Elder and Co., 1903.) Price 7s. 6d. 
“[ HE genial personality of the late director of the 
American School at Athens is known to every- 
one who has made any long stay in the capital of 
Greece during’ the past five years and more. No 
foreign resident, except, perhaps, Dr. Dorpfeld, 
had wider personal knowledge of the Hellenic penin- 
sula than Mr. Richardson. Certainly none had pushed 
a bicycle over so many stony passes, or scaled half as 
many storied peaks. He made mountain-climbing a 
speciality of the American School, so much so that 
climbing of all kinds became a passion of the students ; 
and while one risked life and limb on the Acropolis 
precipice to rediscover inscriptions once read by Words- 
worth in the face of the Kimonian walls, another swung 
himself over the eastern pediment of the Parthenon to 
decipher by the print of the nails the dedication where- 
by a Roman emperor had aspired to appropriate the 
credit of the temple. In the pleasant volume before us 
Mr. Richardson describes two ascents, those of the 
highest peaks of Taygetus and Kidna, the less known 
twin of Parnassus, which overtops by about two 
hundred feet ali other summits on Greek soil. But he 
alludes to many others, e.g. those of Parnassus itself 
and Aroania, and probably, with the exception of 
Tsumerka and the Pindus peaks, which are as much 
in Turkey as Greece, he has stood on every one of the 
mountain giants of free Hellas. 
Despite Mr. Richardson’s enthusiasm for the 
bicycle, few visitors, we suspect, will be convinced that 
it is the best vehicle for touring about Greece. <A 
comparatively freshly laid road in the Hellenic king- 
dom is good enough, but very few are freshly laid, and 
an old road can be appalling. Then there are the 
dogs, and the impossibility of obtaining skilled surgery 
for the wheel outside Athens itself, and the chance of 
an occasional row with some rustic, whose dog you 
have had to stone, or whose mule has stampeded at 
sight of you. Nevertheless, given a light and in- 
expensive American machine, one may certainly get 
over most unpromising ground with it, and cover great 
distances in the day, freed from the intolerable irk- 
someness of sitting a Greek baggage-animal. Mr. 
Richardson’s account of his three days’ run from 
Athens to Thessaly is exhilarating reading; but did he 
really see Olympus from Cithaeron? Was it not 
rather some snowy part of Othrys or Pindus? The 
interval, from the point on which he was standing, 
to the seat of the gods, is not less than one hundred and 
fifty miles as the crow flies, and there are many inter- ~ 
vening heights. 
Mr. Richardson is careful to suppress archzological 
“‘ shop,’? and to preserve the holiday atmosphere. 
Therefore, although he gives a glimpse of M. 
Kabbadias at work at Epidaurus, and alludes to the 
French excavations at Delphi, his own at Corinth, and 
others, his book is to be read, not for its information 
about these, nor, indeed, for scientific information of 
