Marcu 24, 1904} 
NARORE 
493 
Gentle, modest and retiring, absorbed in his work, 
careless about worldly applause, and always happiest 
in the midst of his charming family, Fouqué was an 
example of one of the best types of a scientific man. 
His death makes an irreparable blank in the scientific 
society of Paris, and has filled with sorrow the heart 
-of everyone who had the privilege of his friendship. 
A: G: 
NOTES. 
A MEMORANDUM by the financial secretary to the Treasury 
explaining the estimates for Civil Services and the Revenue 
Departments, 1904-5, was issued on Tuesday. The estimate 
for education, science and art, is 15,798,217/., which is an 
increase of 1,217,893/. above the amount for 1903-4. The 
1903-4 figures include a supplementary estimate of 
45,0001. for the relief of the National Antarctic Expedition 
a service of a quite exceptional character, for which any 
provision that may prove to be necessary next year will 
‘be made in a similar form. The bulk of the addition arises 
on the vote for the Board of Education, as the result of 
recent legislation, but Public Education (Scotland), Public 
Education (Ireland), and Universities and Colleges (Great 
Britain) also show increases. The Board of Education 
(England and Wales) requires 985,131/. more than this year. 
Of this increase 50,58ol. is for grants for training teachers, 
pupil teachers, &c., and 52,3031. for grants in respect of 
-education other than elementary. The principal increase, 
however (889,888I.), is for grants towards expenditure on 
public elementary schools. Universities and colleges, Great 
Britain, will require an additional 32,1001. to provide for 
grants for the new universities at Liverpool and Leeds (for 
each of which 2000/. is included), and for the proposed 
augmentation of the grants in aid of colleges, for which 
54,0001. is inserted, or double the amount voted in the 
current year. 
A Reuter telegram from Vienna, dated March 19, states 
that at the request of the Academy of Science, the Austrian 
Minister of Agriculture, in order to facilitate the solution of 
certain important questions relating to the nature of radium, 
has ordered that from January 1x last until further notice no 
‘trading should be permitted in the residues from the manu- 
facture of uranium colours at Joachimsthal, and that 10,000 
kilogrammes of those residues should be reserved for pur- 
chase by the academy and another 10,000 kilogrammes for 
M. and Madame Curie, in Paris. These consignments are 
to be devoted entirely to the purpose of scientific experi- 
ment. 
Ar Paris on Friday last M. and Madame Curie were 
honoured by the Municipal Council at the Hétel de Ville, 
and congratulated on their researches on radium. “The two 
investigators were presented with silver medals bearing the 
inscription, ‘‘ City of Paris to M. Pierre Curie and Mme. 
Marie Curie, Laureates of Nobel prize in 1902.” 
Tue Washington Evening Star states that the U.S. 
‘Congress has granted 5oool. for the continuation of Dr. 
S P. Langley’s experiments on aérial flight. 
Pror. AwBse, professor of physics at Jena, and Prof. 
Neumann, professor of mathematics at Leipzig, have been 
appointed members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for 
Science. 
Tue British Medical Journal announces that two dis- 
‘tinguished physiologists, Prof. Luigi Luciani, Rome, and 
Prof. Angelo Mosso, Turin, have been named Senators of 
the Kingdom of Italy. 
NO. 1795, VOL. 69| 
Tue death is announced, at the age of sixty-five, of M. 
Jules Garnier, known for his explorations in New Caledonia 
and for his geological map of this district. His discovery 
of nickel ores in this French colony popularised the use of 
nickel in France, and was thus of material advantage to 
the colony. He was one of the founders of the French 
society of commercial geography. 
A NuMBER of letters have been appearing in the Times 
with reference to the electric railways to be constructed in 
the heart of the Snowdon district, which, it is urged by 
greatly impair the natural 
beauties of the neighbourhood. The scheme includes the 
electrification of the narrow gauge “‘toy”’ railway from 
Dinas to Snowdon, the extension of this line through 
Beddgelert to Portmadoc, and also the construction of a 
branch line from Beddgelert through Pen-y-gwryd and Capel 
Curig to Bettws-y-Coed. These extensions have been 
sanctioned by the Light Railway Commissioners, and a Bill 
for a further extension from Dinas to Carnarvon was before 
a House of Lords Committee last week, the preamble of 
which it found proved. The railway will thus not only 
serve a district largely frequented by tourists, but will enable 
the slate from the quarries to be brought down easily to 
Carnarvon without the two or three changes of conveyance 
now necessary. It is also proposed to supply power to the 
quarries ; the power is to be obtained from Llyn Llydaw, on 
the slopes of Snowdon, whence a pipe line will be run to 
the nearest point on the railway at which a generating 
several correspondents, will 
station will be built. 
Tue completion of the electrical equipment of the Liver- 
pool and Southport line of the Lancashire and Yorkshire 
Railway must be regarded as an important step in the 
progress of steam railway electrification. This is the 
second steam railway to be electrified, but the change is of 
more importance in this case than in that of the Mersey 
Railway on account of the fact that it is likely to lead to 
the electrification of all the suburban lines of the Lancashire 
and Yorkshire Railway, and possibly also of the London 
and North-Western Railway. The section which has just 
been electrified is nearly twenty miles in length, and has 
to deal almost entirely with passenger traffic. The effect 
of the electrification will be nearly to double the number of 
trains running between the two termini, and to reduce the 
time taken over the journey from 54 to 37 minutes. Power 
is generated at Fromby, nearly at the middle of the line; at 
7500 volts three-phase; this is transformed down and con- 
verted to continuous current at 600 volts, at which pressure 
the train-motors are supplied. The current is collected 
from a third rail outside the track rails, and each train has 
two motor-cars, one at each end, with two trailers in 
between. It is pleasant to note, considering that all our 
electrical tramway equipment has been borrowed from 
America, that the whole of the equipment of this line is of 
English design and manufacture, the rolling stock having 
been made by the railway company, and all the rest of the 
work executed by Messrs. Dick, Kerr and Co. 
Tue figures published by Mr. J. W. Bradley, engineer to 
the City of Westminster, giving the results of tests on the 
different lamps employed in street lighting, are exceedingly 
valuable as the tests are made under actual working con- 
ditions and include all costs of maintenance, interest on 
capital, sinking fund, &c. The results of the sixth series 
are published in the Electrician of March 11. From this 
series of tests Sugg’s high pressure lamps in Parlia- 
ment Street come out cheapest (7-65 pence per candle-power 
year), the arcs on the Westminster Supply Corporation 
