216 
NATURE 
[ DECEMBER 31, 1896 
Baule (for the application of the gyroscope to the determination 
of the altitudes of stars at sea), Schwerer, Blot, Monaque, 
Morache, Paqué, Terrier, and de Vanssay (forstheir magnetic 
observations). M. Henry Parenty receives a Montyon prize for 
his experimental researches on the theory of fluids, and M. 
Marbec the Plumey prize for his memoir on some applications of 
graphical mechanics. In Astronomy, the Lalande prize is given 
to M. P. Puiseux (for his selenographical work), the Valz prize 
to M. Bossert (for his reduction of older observations previously 
inaccessible), and the Janssen prize to M. Deslandres (for his 
studies in spectroscopy). No memoirs were received for the 
Damoiseau prize. In Statistics, a Montyon prize is taken by M. 
Huguet (for his study of the statistics of voluntary mutilation 
and assumed diseases in the army), and another by the Comité 
des Compagnies d° Assurances a prime fixes sur la vie (for a 
report on the tables of mortality used by them). In Chemistry, 
the Jecker prize is divided between MM. Matignon (for his 
thermochemical studies), V. Auger (for his researches on the 
chlorides of dibasic acids), M. Bouveault (for researches on the 
nitriles), and M. Genvresse (for work in organic chemistry). In 
the section of Mineralogy and Geology a Vaillant prize, which 
was offered for an experimental study of the physical 
and chemical causes which determine the existence of rotatory 
power in transparent substances, is awarded to M. Ph. A. Guye, 
and another, for which the subject of the theoretical and prac- 
tical improvement in the methods of geodesy or topography was 
suggested, to M. C. Lallemand, for his contributions to the 
methods of levelling ; whilst the Fontannes prize is given to M. 
Douvillé for his stratigraphical and paleontological researches. 
In the Botanical section M. E. Bescherelle receives the Des- 
maziéres prize, and M. Flagey a Montagne prize. In the 
section of Anatomy and Zoology, the Thore prize is taken by 
M. C. Janet, the Savigny prize not being awarded. In Medicine 
and Surgery, Montyon prizes are taken by M. Laskowski, for 
an anatomical atlas, by M. Legrain, for his studies on alcoholism, 
by MM. Imbert and Bertin-Sans, and MM. Oudin and Bar- 
thélemy, for their applications of the Rontgen rays in surgery 
and medicine. Honourable mentions are accorded to MM. 
‘Comby, Brocq and Jacquet, Broca and Maubrac. The Barbier 
prize is divided between MM. Bertrand and Fontan, and M. 
Raynaud ; the Breant prize between M. Reénon and MM. 
Netter and Thoinot. The Godard prize is awarded to M. Max 
Melchior for his contribution on urinary infection, M. P. 
Delbet receiving an honourable mention. The Serres prize is 
divided equally between MM. Mathias Duval and Alfred Giard 
for their embryological studies, whilst M. Brun receives the 
Bellion prize, an honourable mention being accorded to M. 
Bodin. The Mege prize is awarded to M. Mauclaire, the 
Lallemand prize to M. R. Dubois, and the Baron Larrey prize 
to M. Edm. Delorme. In Physiology, M. Contejean receives 
a Montyon prize for his work on gastric digestion, Dr. Joachims- 
thal the Pourat prize for his experimental work on the loco- 
motive apparatus, and M. Tissot, the Philipeaux prize for his 
study of the gaseous exchanges in isolated muscle. In the 
section of Geographical Physics, M. André Delebecque receives 
the Gay prize for his study of the French lakes. Of the general 
prizes, a Montyon prize is awarded to M. E. Cacheux for his 
construction of healthy workmen’s dwellings, and other labours 
in connection with the improvements in the health and condi- 
tions of life of the working classes; the Trémont prize to M. 
Charles Frémont for his experiments on the effects of punching 
on metals; the Gegner prize to M. Paul Serret; the 
Delalande-Guérineau prize to M, Toutée for the scientific 
results of his expedition on the Niger; the Jean Reynaud 
prize to M. Henri Poincaré; the Jérome Ponti prize to MM. 
Benoit, Chapuis, and Guillaume, for the metrological work 
done in the International Metric Bureau at Breteuil; the 
Leconte prize (arrears) to M. Roussel, for his geological work 
in the Pyrenees, and to M. Henneguy for his researches on the 
development of the bony fishes ; the Tchihatchef prize to Prince 
Henri d’Orleans, for his geographical work in Central Asia ; 
the Houllevigue prize to M. Joannis, for his chemical researches ; 
the Cahours prize to MM. Freundler, Lebeau, Hébert, and 
Varet ; the Saintour prize to M. Renault, for his memoirs on 
vegetable paleontology and fossil bacteria, and to M. Guntz 
for his researches on fluorides, the alkali metals, and absorp- 
tion of hydrogen and nitrogen by lithium ; the prize founded 
by Mme. la Marquise de Laplace, to M. de Nanteuil de la 
Morville ; and the prize founded by M. Félix Rivot, to MM. 
de Nanteuil de la Morville, Dutilleul, Balling, and Leroux. 
NO. 1418, VOL. 55 | 
DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31. 
Royat InsTITUTION, at 3.—Visible and Invisible Light: Prof. S. P. 
Thompson, F.R.S. 
FRIDAY, January t. 
Geotoaists' AssociATION, at 8.—An Outline of the Petrology and 
Phy sical History of the Alps: Prof. T. G. Bonney, F.R.S. 
SATURDAY, January 2. 
Roya INsTITUTION, at 3.—Visible and Invisible Light: Prof. S. P. 
Thompson, F.R.S. 
SUNDAY, Janvary 3. 
Sunvay Lecture Society, at 4.—Réntgen or X-Rays: Richard Kerr. 
MONDAY, JANvuary 4. 
Roya GEoGRAPHICAL SociETY, at 8.30.—An Expedition to the Barotse 
Country : Captain A. S. Gibbons, Percy C. Reid, and Captain Alfred 
Bertrand. 
Society of CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, at 8.—The Smelting and Refining of 
Cyanide Bullion : Arthur Caldecott.—The Industrial Use of a Recording 
Pyrometer : Prof. Roberts-Austen, C.B., F.R.S. 
Victoria INSTITUTE, at 4.30.—Paper by Dr. F. A. Walker. 
TUESDAY, JANUARY 5. 
Roya INsTITUTION, at 3.—Visible and Invisible Light: Prof. S. P. 
Thompson, F.R.S. 
WEDNESDAY, Jaxuary 6. 
GEoLoGIcaL Society, at 8.—On the Structure of the Skull ina Pliosaur : 
C. W. Andrews.—On the Pembroke Earthquakes of August 1892 and 
November 1893: Dr. C. Davison.—Changes of Level ifthe Bermuda 
Islands : Prof. R. S. Tarr. 
THURSDAY, Janvary 7. 
Rovat INSTITUTION, at 3.—Visible and Invisible Light: Prof. S. P. 
Thompson, F.R.S. 
FRIDAY, Jaxvary 8. 
Roya. ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, at 8. 
SATURDAY, JANUARY o. 
Roya INsTITUTION, at 3.—Visible and Invisible Light: Prof. S. P. 
Thompson, F.R.S. 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Ancient Astronomy inIndia. By W.T. Lynn .. 193 
Amber in Science and the Arts. By John R. 
Jackson: . — = EaReene |= oe eae 
The Red Deer, By RO Ly. . Pee LOD 
Our Book Shelf :— 
Bailey: ‘‘ The Tutorial Chemistry ” . 4} 2 eens 
Trotman: ‘‘ Elementary Non-Metallic Chemistry . . 195 
Reynolds : ‘‘ Hygiene for Beginners ” Pi, HGS, 
Theobald : ‘‘ The Parasitic Diseases of Poultry ” 196 
Letters to the Editor :— 
The Letters of Charles Darwin.—Francis Darwin, 
F.R.S2)) (eee ee CO 
On the Goldbach-Euler Theorem regarding. Prime 
* Numbers.—Prof. J. J. Sylvester, F.R.S. , 196 
Telegraphy without Wires, and the Guarding of Coast 
Lines by Electric Cable.-—Charles A. Stevenson 197 
The Origin of the Stratus-Cloud, and Some Suggested 
Changes in the International Methods of Cloud- 
Measurement.—H. Helm Clayton. ...... 197 
Radiography.—W. I. Chadwick . 2, eee 198 
The Heating of Anodes in X-Ray Tubes.—Walter 
Chamberlain. .. Mere c Gees HES 
Units of Force.—C. S. Jackson . Pe he RIE 
The Distance of the Visible Horizon.—L. Cumming 198 
Position of Boughs in Summer and Winter.—Agnes 
Fry)". ee 198 
The Cultivation of Woad.—H. Franklin Parsons . 198 
Electrification of Air by Rontgen Rays. (//lus- 
trated.) By Lord Kelvin, F.R.S., Dr. J. C. Beattie, 
and Dr. M. Smoluchowskide Smolan. ..... 199 
On a New Law connecting the Periods of Molecular - 
Vibrations. By Prof. Arthur Schuster, F.R.S. . 200 
The Early Life of Nansen. (l/h Portraits.) By 
Dr. Hugh Robert Mill ..... Ba te rp eel 
Celebration of Prof. Cannizzaro’s Jubilee. By Dr. 
A. Miolati .... + 6 a, Teen ZO 
The Final Entombment of Pasteur. ....... 204 
Notes’ .). .) : Pee © ces. 0 +o cit aR 
Our Astronomical Column:— 
Comet Perrine (December 8) . . . 
+5 ls ee eS 
Himmel und Erde 
Bee) +, eens 208 
Astronomical Society of France. . . . . . 208 
The Davy-taraday Research Laboratory . : 208 
The Bacteria which we Breathe, Eat, and Drink. 
By Dri, ALA Kapthathena 9. . 2. oi pneeeeeOo 
University and Educational Intelligence . .... 214 
Scientific Serials AG SORES so no Sel 
Societies and Academies 
Diary of Societies 
Deere 0 (+ 50: ipl Column, SRE 
(i 5 SU Se OE Och od 
