286 
WATORE 
[JANUARY 21, 1897 
tion of the Central Technical College during the last few years 
show that no instituticn in the kingdom requires from candi- 
dates for admission the same standard of attainments. Indeed, 
with the exception of two institutions, none of those receiving 
any part of the Government Grant of £15,000 a year allocated 
to University Colleges, require students above sixteen to submit 
to any entrance examination whatever, and the examination of 
these two is of the simplest character, and bears no comparison 
with that of the Central Technical College. The Committee 
considers, therefore, that the Central Technical College is some- 
what handicapped in its competition for students by the diffi- 
culty of its matriculation examination, At the same time they 
are of opinion that it is important that an institution, avowedly 
intended for higher education, should require candidates for 
admission to pass such an entrance examination. 
There is another class of students for whom provision was 
made in the original scheme, in attendance at the College, who 
are not required to pass the matriculation examination, nor to 
take any prescribed course of study. These are the so-called 
““special” students. They are in most cases students of more 
advanced age, who are desirous of pursuing for a session, or 
even a part of a session, a special line of study, with a view to 
qualifying for some particular industrial position or for teaching 
purposes, or for research work. Of such students, some have 
graduated at other universities, here or abroad; others have 
already been engaged in commercial works ; and the evidence 
received from former students of this class satisfies the Com- 
mittee as to the advantages derived from the facilities which the 
Central College offers for such specialised study. The gain to 
industry and commerce, and to the progress of science by the 
steady work and the careful researches of such students, is alone 
ample justification for the expenditure which the maintenance of 
an institution affording such facilities involves. 
Although the number of students in attendance at the College 
cannot be considered, by itself, a sure criterion of its success, 
there is no other institution in Great Britain or Ireland in which so 
large a number of student are receiving advanced instruction of 
the same character as that given at the Central Yechnical 
College. 
In considering the educational work of the College, the large 
number of contributions to the advancement of science which 
have been made by the Professors individually and in co-opera- 
tion with their students are referred to. Indeed the spirit of 
research pervades every department of the College. 
The teaching is well calculated to give to the student that 
general knowledge of scientific principles which all practical 
men regard as of primary importance, supplemented by the 
experience in the application of those principles to the methods 
of original investigation. 
The knowledge which the students are enabled to acquire in 
the engineering workshops, of the construction and use of 
machine and other tools, is especially useful in subsequently 
helping them in their own experimental work, and in enabling 
them to profit more quickly by the experience of the factory or 
workshop. 
As regards the salaries of the Professors, that there are four 
Professors who each receive a fixed stipend of £1000 a year 
without anyshare in the students’ fees. At most other Colleges the 
practice is to give the Professor a smaller salary and a share in 
the fees. Both practices have advantages ; but the Committee 
are disposed to give the preference to the system adopted by the 
City Guilds—of making the Professor quite independent of his 
students’ fees, so that he may have no interest in admitting un- 
qualified and insufficiently prepared students into the College. 
Indeed, with a difficult entrance examination, such as that of 
the Central College, the fact that the Professors’ remuneration 
depends in no way upon the fees paid by the students removes 
any suspicion of a tendency to undue leniency on their part in 
the admission of the students. Several of the Professors in 
other institutions are more highly remunerated, and enjoy at the 
same time a larger measure of liberty than those at the Central 
Technical College. At Liverpool, the payment to the Professor 
of Physics for the year 1894-5 was £1177 16s. 7d. ; to the 
Professor of Engineering £1039 17s. 7d. At University College, 
London, the payment to the Professor of Chemistry for the 
same year was £1100 13s. 4a. At Owens College, Manchester, 
the Professor of Mathematics received £1048 6s. 8d. ; the Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry £1220 135. 8a. At the Scotch Universities 
the salaries of the Science Professors are considerably higher. 
The Educational Committee, finally, express their opinion 
NO. 1421, VOL. 55] 
that the work of the College has been eminently successful, and 
that the City Guilds Institute is to be congratulated on what it 
has accomplished. The results achieved are, in their opinion. 
fully commensurate with the expenditure involved. 
Having regard to the higher appreciation of the advantages 
of advanced technical instruction, which a further knowledge 
of what is being done on the continent and in the United 
States is likely to bring about, it is believed that in the near 
future, the Central Technical College will be found too small for 
the number of students who, attracted by the excellence of the 
training it offers, will seek admission, and that the question of 
the extension of the building may before long have to be 
considered. 
The Reports of the Sub-Committees on Finance and 
Administration, and on the Educational Work of the College, 
were adopted by the Committee. To sum up the case, 
this Committee reports that, in their opinion, the Governors 
of the City and Guilds of London Institute possess in the 
Central Technical College an Institution which has well and 
economically carried out the objects for which it was founded ; 
and that those objects are well deserving of every support and 
encouragement that the Corporation and City Companies ot 
London can give to them. 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
CAMBRIDGE.—Dr, James Ward, whose name is well known 
as a physiological psychologist, was on Saturday elected to the 
new Professorship of Mental Philosophy and Logic. Dr. E. 
Barclay-Smith has been appointed Senior Demonstrator, and F. 
C. Kempson Junior Demonstrator in the department of 
Anatomy. Dr. J. N. Keynes has been appointed by the Council 
of the Senate to act on the joint committee for promoting legis- 
lation on secondary education now sitting in London. Mr. Yule 
Oldham, University Lecturer in Geography, is this term lectur- 
ing on the geography of Central Europe, and also (in conjunction 
with Mr. J. E. Marr, F.R.S.) on the scientific study of scenery. 
The geographical classes have of late been larger than in any 
previous year, and Mr. Oldham is steadily gaining ground for 
his subject in the University. Certain changes in the Historical 
Tripos will lead students to devote more of their time to political 
geography, and a new section of the higher local examination 
deals with the wider aspects of the science. The studentship of 
100/. offered by the Royal Geographical Society to members of 
the University attending his lectures, will be awarded at the end 
of the present term. Mr. W. Bateson, F.R.S., of St. John’s 
College, is this term giving a special course of lectures on the 
study of variation, which he has made peculiarly his own. A 
Shuttleworth Scholarship of 55/. a year for three years will be 
awarded at Gonville and Caius College in March. The subjects 
are botany and comparative anatomy, and candidates must be 
medical students of not less than eight terms’ standing. 
Lorp WaNvaGE, Mr, Richard Benyon, and Mr. Herbert 
Sutton have each given 1000/. to the building fund of the 
University Extension College, Reading. Mr. G. Palmer, Mr. 
G. W. Palmer, Mr. W. Palmer, and Mr. A. Palmer have each 
contributed 500/. for the same object, and the Drapers’ Com- 
pany have promised rooo/, on condition that a sum of 12,0007. 
is raised without delay. The Hampshire County Council have 
voted 1000/. out of accumulated surplus for the foundation of 
exhibitions in connection with the College. 
THE following are among recent announcements :—Dr. Wil- 
helm Valentiner, formerly director of the astronomical obser- 
vatory at Karlsruhe, to be professor of astronomy at the Uni- 
versity of Heidelburg, whither that observatory has been 
removed; Dr. v. Buchka has taken up his residence at Berlin 
as successor to the late Dr. Eugen Sell in chemistry; Mr. J. G. 
Luehmann, for many years assistant to the late Baron von 
Mueller in the Government Botanist’s Department, to be curator 
“of the Melbourne Herbarium; Prof. B. Hatsheck, of Prague, 
to the chair of zoology in the University of Vienna, vacant by 
the resignation of Prof. K. Claus; Prof. Th. Curtius, of Kiel, 
to be professor of chemistry at Bonn, in succession to the late 
Prof. Kekulé; Dr. P. E. Study, associate professor of mathe- 
mathics at Bonn, to be professor of mathematics at Greifswald ; 
Dr. G. A. Tawney, Princeton, to be professor of philosophy in 
