320 
WATORE 
[ FEBRUARY 4, 1897 
return) trip first-class tickets over their lines may be 
obtained by members for the single fare, and that for 
single trips between points on their lines in Canada east 
of Port Arthur (on Lake Superior) only half rates (}d. 
per mile) will be charged. The Canadian Pacific Rail- 
way Company will also give free tickets for trips over 
the branch roads of the main line in the North-west and 
British Columbia, and will arrange a special excursion to 
the Pacific Coast, to take place after the meeting, 
for a number of members and guests of the British 
Association. 
Additional excursions to other parts of Canada have 
been provided for. Niagara Falls may be reached from 
Toronto in three hours by the large fine steamers of the 
Ontario Navigation Company, which ascend the Niagara 
River toa point connected with the Falls by two electric 
car lines. This excursion may be made on any day, and 
an opportunity will be offered to visitors to spend the 
time from Saturday to Monday at the Falls. It is ex- 
pected also that members will have the privilege of 
inspecting the means employed of “harnessing Niagara.” 
Another excursion, to the beautiful Muskoka Lake 
region, Ontario’s summer resort, four hours (by rail) dis- 
tant from Toronto, is offered. The members may leave 
Toronto at 3 p.m. on Saturday, August 21, and return 
early Monday morning. There will be, on an afternoon 
during the meeting, an excursion to the Ontario Agricul- 
tural College and Farm, in the neighbourhood of the 
town of Guelph. The Committee on Excursions is pro- 
viding also for a number of special excursions to Nova 
Scotia, Kingston, and the Thousand Islands, Montreal, 
Ottawa, the Upper Lakes, to cover from five days to 
three weeks. The town authorities of Sudbury are pre- 
paring for an excursion of members to that district, in 
which are to be found the richest nickel mines in the 
world. Parties interested in mining also will, by special 
excursions, visit the Western Ontario gold mines, and 
the gold mines of British Columbia, which at present 
are attracting much attention. 
The special Committee on Publication is preparing a 
hand-book of the Dominion, which will give an account 
of its resources, and of its geological, climatic and other 
features. It is expected that copies of this hand-book 
will be ready for distribution amongst the members 
before they start for Canada. 
The Local Committee has decided to invite a number 
of distinguished continental (European) scientific men, 
and it is believed that not a few of these will accept the 
invitation. A very large number, also, of prominent 
American scientific men have expressed their intention 
of attending the meeting. The American Association 
for the Advancement of Science meets on August 9, at 
Detroit, 240 miles from Toronto, in order to allow its 
members to be present at the meeting of the British 
Association. The Society of American Naturalists, the 
American Psychological Association—both very important 
and strong organisations—have accepted for their mem- 
bers invitations to join the British Association and attend 
its meetings. It is confidently believed that the Toronto 
meeting will have very largely an international cha- 
racter,,and that. the numbers in attendance will be 
very great. 
The people of the Dominion in general, and of Toronto 
especially, are determined that the coming meeting shall 
not fall one whit in interest behind any meeting held in 
the British Isles. As the time approaches, the interest 
in it daily increases. Canadians realise also that it is a 
rare opportunity to show what their country is in grandeur, 
in extent, and in resources ; and they will leave nothing 
undone which will make the meeting a success from 
every point of view. It must also be said that for the 
British man of science the occasion is the opportunity of 
a life-time. 
A. B, MACALLUM. 
NO. 1423, VOL. 55] 
NEW FOREIGN MEMBERS 
ROVAL SOCIETY. 
WE are able to give this week portraits of the re- 
cently elected foreign members of the Royal 
Society—Giovanni V. Schiaparelli, the Astronomer and 
Director of the Royal Brera Observatory in Milan ; Prof. 
Albert Heim, the geologist, Professor of Geology in the 
Hochschule and Polytechnische Schule of Ziirich ; Prof. 
Gabriel Lippmann, Professor of Physics in the Univer- 
sity of Paris, and a, Director of the Physics Laboratory 
of the Sorbonne Ecole des Hautes Etudes ; and Prof. 
Gésta Mittag-Leffler, Professor of Pure Mathematics 
in the Hochschule, and Director of the Mathematische 
Seminar at Stockholm. 
Prof. Giovanni V. Schiaparelli is best known for his 
researches in meteoric and cometary astronomy, and for 
his acute observation of planetary characteristics. He 
is the author of numerous papers in the Milan Remdzcontzz, 
the Journal de Physique, the Annalen der Physik, in 
the Comptes rendus, in Les Mondes, and elsewhere. 
In 1867 his papers, “Intorno al corso ed all’ origine 
probabile delle stelle meteoriche,” “Sur la relation qui 
existe entre les cométes et les étoiles filantes ” (Astvono- 
mische Nachrichten), and “ Sur Vorigine des étoiles filantes 
de Novembre” appeared. Later came “‘Sul calcolo di 
Laplace intorno alla probabilita delle orbite cometarie 
iperboliche,” and “* Nuovi fatti e nuove teorie sulla repul- 
sione nelle comete”; and more recently ‘“ Osservazioni 
astronomiche e fisiche sull’ asse di rotazione e sulla topo- 
grafia del Pianeta Marte,” “Observations de la tache 
polaire australe de Mars pendant l’opposition de 1879,” 
and a number of other papers on this planet. His ob- 
servations of Mercury and Venus, which led him to 
conclude that the period of rotation of each of these 
planets is the same as that of revolution around the sun, 
are also noteworthy contributions to astronomy. 
Prof. Heim is well-known for his work in reference to 
glacial action and to mountain structure. Among his 
more important published works are his ‘“* Handbuch der 
Gletscher Kunde,” published in 1884, and his ‘‘ Unter- 
suchungen tber den Mechanismus der Gebirgsbildung,” 
besides a number of occasional contributions to scientific 
literature, including various papers on Glaciers, printed 
in the Aznales Phys. Chem., in the Sehweizer. Naturf. 
Gesellschaft Verhandlungen, &c., in the Zurich Veertel- 
jahrschrift, &c., also “ Les tremblements de terre et leur 
étude scientifique,” in the Archives Sct. Phys. Nat. 
Prof. Lippmann is well known to men of science by 
his important observations respecting electro-capillary 
phenomena, leading to his invention of the capillary 
electrometer ; and by his recent researches upon colour 
photography, in which he has attained the optical solution 
of a problem at one time considered insoluble. By 
photographic processes he has produced brilliant pictures, 
not only of the spectrum and simple coloured subjects, but’ 
also of landscapes and figures. Among his other published 
works are numerous contributions to the /ourmal de 
Physique, the Revue Scientifique, the Comptes rendus, 
&c., on the relations between electrical and capillary 
phenomena, on units of electrical force, on experimental 
determinations of the ohm, and kindred subjects. 
Prof. Gésta Mittag-Leffler, whose name is familiar as 
the founder and editor of the Acta Mathematica, is dis- 
tinguished for his researches in the theory of functions 
and in other regions of pure mathematics. His published 
papers are numerous, and have appeared principally in 
the Stockholm Ofwersigé,in the Acta Societae Scientiarum, 
Helsingfors, and in the Paris Comptes rendus. Among 
the more important may be mentioned a series of papers 
in the Ofverség¢, “ Om’ den analytiska framstellningen af 
funktioner utaf rationel karakter,” ‘‘ Funktionsteoretiska 
Studier” in the AHelsingfors Acta. “Sur la theorie des 
fonctions uniformes d’une variable” in the Paris Comzp/es 
rendus, &c. 
OF THE 
