352 
TIGA RE 
[AprIL 8, 1897 
curve. The author demonstrated (1) that the real melting tem- 
perature, z.e. that temperature at which solid and liquid have the 
same composition, is the highest temperature at which the solid 
can ever occur under that pressure ; (2) that at that temperature 
a break in the melting-curve can occur only when the liquid con- 
tains no other molecules than complex ones of the composition 
of the solid.—Prof. Franchimont presented a paper by Dr. van 
Romburgh, of Buitenzorg, on the action of fuming sulphuric acid 
upon methylethylaniline and of chromic anhydride upon 2°4 
dinitromethylethylaniline.—Prof. Kamerlingh Onnes presented, 
on behalf of Dr. W. van Bemmelen, of Utrecht, a paper entitled 
“* Values of the terrestrial magnetic declination for the period of 
1500-1700, and its secular variation during the period 1500- 
1850.”—Mr. Jan de Vries presented, on behalf of Dr. G. de 
Vries, of Haarlem, a paper entitled ‘‘ The motion equations of 
cyclones.” After a discussion of the motion equations in cylinder 
coordinates, the hypotheses are made that the radian and the 
tangential velocities are independent of the height above the 
ground, and that the motion near the centre is symmetrical with 
respect to the axis of the clycone.—Prof. Haga presented, on 
behalf of Mr, D. G. Tiddens, of Groningen, a paper entitled 
“* Observations on Fomm’s experiments on the wave-length of the 
X-rays.”’ On repeating Fomm's experiments ( Wzed. Azi., 1896) 
on the wave-length of the X-rays, it appeared that the maxima 
which the X-rays produce upon a photographic plate after passing 
through two narrow slits, do not obey the laws of diffraction ; 
for each edge of the slit produces one maximum, while it depends 
upon the width of the slit, whether the two maxima coincide 
or even overlap each other, whereby, e.g. the left maximum is 
caused by the edge of the right slit. Consequently no conclusion 
can be drawn from these experiments as regards the wave- 
length. 
THURSDAY, Apri 8. 
RovAL SOCIETY, at 4.30.—The Production of X-rays of different Penetrative 
Values: A. A. C. Swinton.—Photographic Spectra of Stars to the 34 
Magnitude : F. McClean, F.R.S.—Condensation of Water Vapour in the 
presence of Dust-free Air and other Gases: C. T. R. Wilson.—(r) Double 
(Antidrome) Conduction in the Central Nervous System ; (2) Further Note 
on the Sensory Nerves of Muscles: Prof. Sherrington, F.R.S.—On the 
Breaking-up of Fat in the Alimentary Canal under Normal Circumstances 
and in the Absence of the Pancreas: Prof. V. Harley.—On the Applica- 
tion of Harmonic Analysis to the Dynamical Theory of the Tides, Part I.: 
S. S. Hough —On Boomerangs: G. T. Walker.—Kathode and Lenard 
Rays: J. A. McClelland. 
ROvAUMRETITOTION, at 3-—Roman Britain: Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, 
MaTHEMATICAL Society, at 8.—On the Potentials of Rings: A. L. 
Dixon.—An Extension of a certain Theorem: Rey. F. H. Jackson.—On 
the Deformation of a Closed Polygon, so that a certain Function remains 
constant: F. S. Macaulay.—Ueber verzweigte Potentiale im Raum: 
Prof. A. Sommerfeld. 
INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, at 8.—Recent Developments in 
Electric Traction Appliances : H. A. Baylor. 
InsTITUTION OF NavaL ARCHITECTS, at 12.—On the Fighting Value of 
certain of the Older Ironclads if re-armed : Captain the Right Hon. Lord 
Charles Beresford, C.B., R.N.—The Application of the Compound Steam 
Turbine to the Purpose of Marine Propulsion : Hon. Charles Parsons.—On 
the Use of the Mean Water-Line in designing the Lines of Ships: A. G. 
Ramage.—At 7.—The Accelerity Diagram of the Steam-Engine: J. 
Macfarlane Gray.—Note on the Geometry of Stability: J. Macfarlane 
Grave retyiene, and its Probable Future Afloat: Prof. Vivian B. 
ewes. 
Camera Cup, at 8.15.—The Phonograph : Mr. Stroh and F. C. B. Cole. 
FRIDAY, Aprit 9 
Oss AERIS at 9.—The Limits of Audition: Lord Rayleigh, 
PuysicaL SociEty, at 5.—A Nickel Stress Telephone : T. A. Garrett and 
W. Lucas.—On Alternating Currents in Concentric Conductors: W. A. 
Price.—On the Effect of Capacity on Stationary Electrical Waves in 
Wires : W. B. Morton. 
Roya ASTRONOMICAL Society, at 8.—A New Quadruple Stellar System : 
R. T. A. Innes.—On the Straightness of Spider Lines: H. H. Turner.— 
Observations of the Minor Planet (8) Flora: John Tebbutt.—The Orbit 
of Sirius : S. W. Burnham.—Micrometrical Measures of the Double Stars 
in the Great Nebula and Cluster surrounding y Carine: T. J. J. See.— 
On some Original Observations of the Comet of 1652: E. B. Knobel. 
INSr aon oF Civit ENGINEERS, at 8.—Poole Harbour: Harold Ber- 
ridge. 
InsTITUTION OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS, at 12.— Nickel Steel as an Improved 
Material for Boiler Shell-Plates and Forgings: William Beardmore.— 
Application of Electrical Transmission of Power in Marine Engineering 
and Shipbuilding : Herr F. yon Kodolitsch. 
MALACOLOGICAL SocIETY, at 8. 
SATURDAY, Apri to. 
Royat Institution, at 3.—Electricity and Electrical Vibrations: Lord 
Rayleigh, F.R.S. 
Royat Boranic Society, at 4. 
Geotosists' Association (Baker Street Station). at 1.37.—Excursion to 
AULESDUI Hartwell, and Stone. Directors: A. M. Davies and Percy 
_Emary. 
Essex Frerp Crus (at Theydon, &c.).—Fresh-water Alge : their Struc- 
ture, Distribution, and Relationships : E. D. Marquand, 
NO. 1432, VOL. 55] 
MONDAY, Aprit 12. 
Roya. GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, at 8.30.—Fourth Centenary of the Voyage 
of John Cabota, 1497: Sir Clements R. Markham, K.C.B., F.R.S., 
President. 
SaniTarRy INSTITUTE, at 8.—Sanitary Appliances : Dr. George Reid. 
Victoria INSTITUTE, at 4.30.—The Scope of Mind: Dr. A. T. Schofield. 
Camera Cuups, at 8.15,—Some Recent Investigations in X-Ray Work: 
Campbell Swinton. 
TUESDAY, Apriv 13. 
ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, at 8.30.—Some Points in connection with 
the Anthropology of the Kafirs of the Hindu Kush : Sir George S. Robert- 
son, K.C.S.I. 
INsTiTuTION OF CiviL ENGINEERS, at 8.—Paper to be discussed: The 
Blackwall Tunnel : David Hay and Maurice Fitzmaurice. 
Roya HorrTicuLTURAL SOcIETY, at 1.—Artificial Manures. 
PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY, at 8. 
Royat PuotoGRrapHic Society, at 8.—Colour Measurement in Photo- 
graphy : C. F. Townsend. 
Roya Vicroria HAtt, at 8.30.—Modes of Mountain Making: F. W. 
Rudler. 
THURSDAY, Apri 15. 
Linnean Society, at 8.—On some New Irish Crustacea: A. O. Walker. 
—On Desmids from Singapore: W. and G. S. West. Exhibition ; 
Plants collected during Two Years’ Residence in Franz Josef Land: H. 
Fisher. 
Geo ocists’ AssoctaTion (Charing Cross, S.E.R.), at 4.30.—Long Excur- 
sion to Walmer, St. Margaret's, Dover, Folkestone, and Romney Marsh. 
Directors : George Dowker, W. F. Gwinnell, Dr. A. W. Rowe, and C. 
Davies Sherborn. 
BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, and SERIALS RECEIVED. 
Booxs.—First Principles of Mechanical and Engineering Drawing: H. 
Holt-Butterfill (Chapman).—Rough Notes and Memoranda relating to the 
Natural History of the Bermudas: J./L. Hurdis (Porter).—Ferrets: N. 
Everitt (Black).—Wild Bird Protection and Nesting Boxes: J. R. B. 
Masefield (Leeds, Taylor).—Stones for Building and Decoration: G. P. 
Merrill, 2nd edition (New York, Wiley ; London, Chapman). 
PaMPHLETS.—Equipment and Work of an Aero-Physical Observatory : 
A. McAdie (Washington).—On the Forms of Plane Quartic Curves: R. 
Gentry (New York, Drummond). 
Ser1ALs.—National Review, April (Arnold).—Humanitarian,. April 
(Hutchinson).—Contemporary Review, April (Isbister).—Fortnightly Re- 
view, April (Chapman).—Astrophysical Journal, March (Chicago).— 
Scribner's Magazine, April (Low).—Journal of the Royal Agricultural 
Society of England, Vol. viii. Part 1, No. 29 (Murray).—Bibliography of 
South African Geology: H. P. Saunders, Parts x and 2 (Cape Town). 
\ CONTENTS. PAGE 
Heat and other Matters: By pu... - « ... «= «©» 529 
Cell-Structure and Reproduction. By Prof. E. A. 
Schafer, F.R.S.... 26) OO EEMCHIE. iver ce. sigk) 
Practical Physics. sbyeOepieemeen.) -: <a een 531 
Our Book Shelf :— 
Studniéka : ‘‘ Bis an’s Ende der Welt ! Astronomische 
Causerien”’” "= 7) ene etek AP 6. ke 
Bailey : ‘‘ First Stage Inorganic Chemistry” . . . . 532 
“* Encyclopédie scientifique des Aide-Mémoire” . . 533 
“*The Dahlia: its History and Cultivation ” SEOs 
Ferriére : ‘‘ La Cause Premiére d’apres les Données 
Experimentales aeons ce fee ie 533 
Letters to the Editor:— 
Acquired Immunity from Insect-Stings.—Edward 
S. Morse; (G.pMacloskie . :.. : 2). us) eneoes 
The Affinities of Hesperornis.—Prof. O. C. Marsh 534 
The Antiquity of certain Curved Knives. (///strated.) 
—Dr. Otis. Jase. -o e m s ae eo 
The Function of Disease in the Struggle for Exist- 
ence.—Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell ...... . 534 
The Caucasus.— Douglas W. Freshfield; J. W.G. 535 
The Laboratory Use of Acetylene Gas.—Thos. 
Fletcher bP 2 13 4 IRS: fe Ede 1535) 
New Works on the Classification of Lepidoptera, 
(Lllustrated.) . feos 5 ee ; Site ete aS Oo 
The Zurich Federal Polytechnic School. (///us- > 
trated.) . a0) ee see 
Sciagraphs of British Batrachians and Reptiles. 
(Lttustrated.). . . A > oS es oe SSE 
INOCES, 2 cc, ot cpp ICI eS) +, 9 Seem 
Our Astronomical Column:— 
Mr. Isaac Roberts on Long-Exposure Photographs . 544 
Vanadium in Scandinavian Rutile . coe pean Gye 
Columbia University Observatory’s Publications . . 544 
A Gift to the Paris Academy of Sciences ..... 544 
The Theory of Osmotic Pressure. By Dr. J. 
Larmor, FRUSi) i eens oo hs. yg ES 
ache Ostrich,’ S05 4h een coke. Sa 546 
National Memorial to Jenner . 547 
University and Educational Intelligence ae. a: 548 
Societies and Academies .... . 2. CaS 
Diary of Societies : 2. ct ORES 8 552 
Books, Pamphlets, and Serials Received .... 552 
