OcTOBER 2, 1913] 
sight of. I may venture to suggest that a committee 
formed jointly by the great national geographical 
societies, or by the International Geographical Con- 
gress, might be entrusted with the work of formu- 
lating some such uniform plan and suggesting prac- 
ticable methods of carrying it out. It should not be 
impossible to secure international cooperation, for 
there is no need to investigate too closely the secrets 
of anyone’s particular private vineyard—it is merely 
a question of doing thoroughly and systematically 
what is already done in some regions, sometimes 
thoroughly, but not systematically. We should thus 
arrive eventually at uniform methods of stock-taking, 
and the actual operations could be carried on as oppor- 
tunity offered and indifference or opposition was over- 
come by the increasing need for information. Eventu- 
ally we shall find that ‘‘country-planning’’ will 
become as important as town-planning, but it will 
be a more complex business, and it will not be pos- 
sible to get the facts together in a hurry. And in 
the meanwhile increased geographical knowledge will 
yield scientific results of much significance about such 
matters as distribution of populations and industries, 
and the degree of adjustment to new conditions which 
occurs or is possible in different regions and amongst 
different peoples. Primary surveys on the large scale 
are specially important in new regions, but the best 
methods of developing such areas and of adjusting dis- 
tributions in old areas to new economic conditions 
are to be discovered by extending the detailed surveys 
of small districts. An example of how this may be 
done has been given by Dr. Mill in his ‘‘ Fragment 
of the Geography of Sussex.’ Dr. Mill’s methods 
have been successfully applied by individual investiga- 
tors to other districts, but a definitely organised 
system, marked out on a carefully matured uniform 
plan, is necessary if the results are to be fully com- 
parable. The schools of geography in this country 
have already done a good deal of local geography of 
this type, and could give much valuable assistance if 
the work were organised beforehand on an adequate 
scale. 
But in whatever way and on whatever scale the 
work is done, it must be clearly understood that no 
partial study from the physical, or biological, or his- 
torical, or economic point of view will ever suffice. 
The urgent matters are questions of distribution upon 
the surface of the earth, and their elucidation is not 
the special business of the physicist, or the biologist, 
or the historian, or the economist, but of the geo- 
grapher. 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
Lreeps.—In connection with the work on animal 
nutrition which is being conducted under a grant 
from the Development Commissioners, Dr. H. W. 
Dudley, of the Herter Research Laboratory, New 
York, has been appointed lecturer in biochemistry. 
The experimental station in flax growing, which is 
also supported by the Development Commissioners, has 
been placed under the direction of Mr. F. K. Jackson, 
formerly of the agricultural departments of the Uni- 
versities of Leeds and Cambridge. 
Lonpon.—The following courses of advanced science 
lectures are announced :—‘‘ The Cytology and Affini- 
ties of the Higher Fungi,” by Dr. Gwynne-Vaughan, 
at University College, beginning on October 23; 
“The Physiological Significance of Acidosis,” by Drs. 
Kennaway and Poulton, at Guy’s Hospital, beginning 
on October 9; ‘“‘ The Cerebro-spinal Fluid,” by Profs. 
Halliburton and Dixon, at King’s College, beginning 
on November 3; ‘‘Mechanism and Teleology,’’ by 
NO. 2292, VOL. 92] 
NATURE 
157 
Prof. Hans Driesch, at King’s College, beginning on 
October 21; ‘‘The Theory of Heat in Relation to 
Atmospheric Changes,”’ by Dr. W. N. Shaw, F.R.S., 
at the Meteorological Office, beginning on January 23. 
All the lectures are free. 
Tue Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior has contributed 
ae rupees to the Yunani Vedic Medical College at 
elhi. 
Dr. T. FRrankuin Sisty, lecturer in geology at 
King’s College, London, has been appointed professor 
of geology in the University College of South Wales 
and Monmouthshire, Cardiff. 
THE report by cable that Mr. W. Robbie, a pioneer 
gold-digger, who died at Ballarat a short time ago, 
had left a large bequest to the University of Aber- 
deen, has been confirmed by mail. The estimated 
amount of the bequest, however, is 23,o00/.—not 
30,0001. as at first reported—and it is to be applied for 
scholarships in mathematics, natural philosophy, and 
chemistry. 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 
; NEw SoutH WALEs. 
Linnean Society, July 30.—Mr. W. S. Dun, president, 
in the chair.—T. G. Sloane: Revisional notes on Aus- 
tralian Carabidae. Part iv., The genus Notonomus. 
The number of species recognised is eighty-nine, of 
which fifteen are proposed as new.—J. J. Fletcher: A 
case of natural hybridism in the genus Grevillea (N.O. 
Proteacez. Grevillea laurifolia, Sieb., and G. acanthi- 
folia, A. Cunn., are two common and characteristic 
members of the flora of the higher portion of the Blue 
Mountain area. Certain other rare forms are some- 
times associated with one or both of them, some of 
which have been described under the name of G. 
gaudichaudii, R. Br. The object of this paper is to 
justify the contention, that the rare plants to which 
the name G. gaudichaudii, R. Br., has been applied, 
or is applicable, form one group only of a series of 
transitional forms between G. laurifolia and G. 
acanthifolia, of which another, equally remarkable, 
group has escaped notice; that the entire series is one 
series of naturally related forms; and that the explana- 
tion of their real relationship is, that they are hybrids 
between the two species mentioned. Seven recognis- 
ably different types are described. The two parent- 
species are markedly contrasted in most of their mor- 
phological characters, in their habit of growth, and in 
being members of two different plant-associations and 
consequently in their habitats; but cross-pollination is 
possible, because the racemes of both are of the same 
pattern (elongated and secund). As the two species 
belong to different plant-associations, the conditions 
favouring cross-pollination arise only at or close to 
the boundary between them, while circumstances pre- 
vent the hybrids from spreading laterally. 
BOOKS RECEIVED. 
Papers and Proceedings. Seventh Annual Meeting, 
American Sociological Society held at Boston, Mass., 
December 28, 30, 31, 1912. Vol. vii. Pp. vi+223. 
(Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press; 
Cambridge, England: University Press.) 6s. net. 
Moths of the Limberlost. By Gene S. Porter. Pp. 
xiv+370. (London: Hodder and Stoughton.) ros. 6d. 
net. 
Pedagogical Anthropology. By M. Montessori. 
Translated from the Italian by F. T. Cooper. Pp. 
xi+508. (London: William Heinemann.) 14s. net. 
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. New series. 
Vol. xiii. Containing the Papers read before the 
