OcToBER 16, 1913] 
John Batty Tuke will long be remembered as a great 
authority on the care and treatment of the insane. 
He gave himself to work hard at the problems which 
these cases present; and he deserved, and attained, 
a very high place in his profession, not only by his 
practice, but by his writings. 
Tue Ricut Hon. James Stuart, formerly professor 
of mechanism and applied mechanics in the Univer- 
sity of Cambridge, died on Sunday, October 12, in 
his seventy-first year. Mr. Stuart’s early education 
was partly private and partly at the Madras College, 
St. Andrews. Thence he proceeded to the University 
of that city, where he graduated in 1861, and in the 
following year he won a minor scholarship at Trinity 
College, Cambridge. In 1864 he was elected to a 
foundation scholarship at Trinity, where in 1866 he 
graduated as Third Wrangler. He was elected a 
fellow of his college in 1867. The University Exten- 
sion movement sprang from Mr. Stuart’s interest in 
the education of women. He undertook in 1867 to 
deliver a course of lectures on astronomy to women 
teachers. The result was a number of invitations to 
lecture to working-men. By 1871 he had worked out 
a scheme of extension lectures, and the University of 
Cambridge was induced to give definite shape to his pro- 
posals. To-day something like a thousand courses of lec- 
tures are organised annually, and more than a hundred 
thousand persons benefit by the teaching. In 1875 
Stuart was elected the first professor of mechanism 
and applied mechanics at Cambridge, and was chosen 
a member of the University Council. During the 
_ next ten years his energies were largely devoted to 
the founding of the mechanical workshops in which 
his teaching was carried on, and to the establishment 
of the mechanical science tripos in the University. 
Prof. Stuart entered the House of Commons in 1885, 
and was a member of the London County Council 
for many years. In 1889 his absorption in party 
politics in London led him to resign his professorial 
chair at Cambridge, after a successful tenure of 
fourteen years. In 1909 he was sworn a member of 
the Privy Council; and in 1898-1901 he was rector of 
St. Andrews University. 
Mr. PercrvaL MarsHAatt is to be congratulated on 
the success of the fourth biennial Model Engineer 
Exhibition at the Royal Horticultural Hall. Here 
are collected together not only models of all kinds af 
professional make, together with their parts and tools 
suitable for their construction—good and not unduly 
expensive—but the work of a large band of amateur 
workers is exhibited also. No better evidence could 
be afforded of the stimulus which has been given to 
latent talent by The Model Engineer, now issued 
weekly, which Mr. Marshall was enterprising enough 
to found fifteen years ago, and also by the numerous 
societies and clubs which have come into existence, 
with this newspaper as a medium of communication. 
The admirable working drawings of models for 
which The Model Engineer has been so well known 
have had a valuable educational effect; and whether 
the immediate stimulus has been the desire to make a 
kite, a hydroplane, some kind of engine, or a wireless 
set, for the mere enjoyment of the thing or with the }| 
NO. 2294, VOL. 92] 
NATURE 
203 
hope of obtaining one of the prizes for model work 
which the paper or the societies or clubs offer is a 
small matter, the educative process is carried out on 
attractive lines, and more serious study is encouraged. 
It is not possible in the available space to refer to 
individual exhibits of the amateur class, but reference 
may be made to the ‘‘horophone” or wireless receiv- 
ing set designed for receiving the time signals from 
the Eiffel Tower or from Norddeich, mainly with the 
object of commenting on the fact that Greenwich time, 
now the time-basis of practically the whole civilised 
world, is sent out daily by Germany and France to 
Europe and the North Atlantic, while this country sits 
idly by accepting for its shipping the invaluable aid 
given freely by its two neighbours. 
IN connection with the Fourth International 
Botanical Congress to be held in London in i915, a 
preliminary circular has been issued on behalf of the 
organising committee. The previous congress, held 
at Brussels in May, 1910, decided, on the invitation 
of the Royal Society of London, that the next meet- 
ing, in 1915, should be held in London. At a general 
meeting of British botanists, held in London in March, 
Ig12, an organising committee was elected, and sub- 
sequently an executive committee. A number of dis- 
tinguished patrons of botany were also invited to lend 
their support to the congress. The organising com- 
mittee consists of three presidents—Sir David Prain, 
Prof. F. O. Bower, and Prof. A. C. Seward—the 
following vice-presidents: Prof. I. Bayley Balfour, 
Mr. W. Bateson, Dr. F. F. Blackman, Sir Francis 
Darwin, Prof. H. H. Dixon, Mr. G. C. Druce, Prof. 
J. B. Farmer, Mr. A. D. Hall, Dr. W. B. Hemsley, 
Dr. R. Kidston, Prof. F. W. Oliver, Mr. R. L. 
Praeger, Miss E. Sargant, Dr. D. H. Scott, Mr. 
A. G. Tansley, Prof. S. H. Vines, and Mr. H. W. 
Wager; and a list of members which is fully represen- 
tative of British botany. Sir Frank Crisp is treasurer, 
Dr. A. B. Rendle general secretary, and Dr. Otto 
Stapf foreign secretary. The congress will meet 
from May 22 to May 29, 1915, and its work will 
include the various branches of botanical science, 
together with certain matters connected with nomen- 
clature and bibliography left over from the previous 
meeting. The official language of the congress will 
be English, but any language may be used in the 
discussions. Member’s subscription is fifteen shil- 
lings, and ladies accompanying members may attend 
the meeting and excursions on payment of ten 
shillings each. Particulars of meetings, discussions, 
excursions, &c., will be issued later. As it is esti- 
mated that the sum of toool. will be required to 
defray the expenses of the congress, the executive 
committee have decided to raise a fund for the purpose, 
and an appeal has been issued to British botanists 
and those interested in the science in Great Britain. 
Tue Hull Municipal Museum, under its curator, Mr. 
T. Sheppard, continues to increase its collections. 
Recent additions include a fine bronze palstave lately 
found at Kirkella, the outfit of a Yorkshire clog-sole 
maker, a curious ancient wooden nut-cracker repre- 
senting a human head, Saxon bronze brooches dis- 
covered at Hornsea, a fine collection of early jewel- 
