] 
| 
5 
. 
DECEMBER 25, 1913] 
thé” work pakka, adding another finger for every 
additional hundred. Similarly, the word dana denotes 
five rupees, and sute a single rupee. -It is a gross 
breach of etiquette to disclose the price fixed while 
the fair lasts, and it is a question of honour that 
offers. made in this way should be held final and 
binding. ; 
.Mr. J. Reip Morr has reprinted from The Field 
Club Journal a paper on a flint workshop floor re- 
ecntly discovered at Ipswich. In it were found 
hammer-stones, cores, worked flints, flakes, and “ pot- 
_ boilers,” in great abundance and close association. 
Comparing these ‘“‘finds’’ with specimens of the 
Aurignac type, now in the British Museum, it is clear 
that the Ipswich flints belong to the Palzolithic cave 
period, in the Lower-Middle Aurignacean age. Two 
important results follow from this discovery. In the 
first place, it disposes of the theory that all the people 
of this ‘age were cave-dwellers. Here there is no 
cave, and the settlement was formed in the open. In 
the second place, the abundance of ‘‘ pot-boilers”” indi- 
cates that these people split their flints in the fire, 
and, when possible, used the fragments as imple- 
ments. This is an easy process, as experiments show 
that when a flint is placed in the fire for about five 
minutes, cracks appear in different places, and then 
a sharp blow will shatter the stone into several 
pieces. Mr. Reid Moir infers from this discovery that 
there is no hiatus between the industries of the River- 
Drift and those of Neolithic man, a result of the first 
importance, if it is found to be verified by further 
excavation in eastern England. 
In a paper on fishes from the Madeira River, Brazil, 
published in the October issue of the Proceedings of 
the Philadelphia Academy, Dr. H.-W. Fowler de- 
scribes fifteen species, one of which is made the type 
of a new genus—as new to science. : 
An obituary notice, accompanied by a portrait, of 
Dr. J. W. B. Gunning, late director of the Transvaal 
Museum, Pretoria, appears in vol. iv.; part 2, of the 
Annals of the Museum. Dr. Gunning, who was born 
at Hilversum, Holland, on September 3, 1860, went 
to South Africa in 1884, where he at first practised 
medicine. Appointed director of the museum in 1808, 
he raised the Zoological Gardens, which form a part 
of that institution, to their present high status. 
‘Tue British Ornithologists’ Club has issued a 
“Guide to Selborne”’ and ‘‘A Synopsis of the Life of 
Gilbert White,” by Major W. H. Mullens, and pub- 
lished by Messrs. Witherby as No. exc of the club’s 
Bulletin. Both were prepared in anticipation of a 
visit to Selborne in connection with the twenty-first 
anniversary of the club; but the visit did not take 
place, owing to the death of Dr. P. S. Sclater. In 
the “ guide"’ it is pointed out that on the monument 
to White in Selborne Church it is stated that his 
remains are interred ina grave adjacent to the wall 
to which the monument is affixed. As a matter of 
fact, it lies outside the north-east corner of the 
church, the discrepancy being due to the transference 
of the tablet from the exterior to the interior of the 
building. 
NO. 2304, VOL. 92] 
NATURE | 
483 
‘AT a particularly opportune moment, when, as has 
been well said, ‘‘a wave of vitalism has passed over 
society owing to the pervasive eloquence of Bergson 
and other writers,” appears a reprint of an address 
delivered by the late Prof. Emil du Bois-Reymond on 
neo-vitalism (‘‘ Ueber Neo-Vitalismus,” pp, 60; Verlag 
von W. Breitenbach, Brackwede, price 1 mark), be- 
fore the Prussian Academy of Sciences, on the occa- 
sion of the Leibnitz anniversary in 1894, This is a 
strong criticism of the vitalistic theories which du — 
Bois-Reymond himself did so much to undermine in 
Germany, and more particularly of the views of 
Virchow, Bunge, and of Driesch himself, whose 
theories have recently found favour in certain circles 
in this country as a new philosophy, although they 
are but a recrudescence of those which he formulated 
in 1893. The strong condemnation by du Bois-Rey- 
mond of such views may be summarised in Schleiden’s 
phrase, which is made the text of his address :—'t The i 
savage who calls a locomotive a living thing is not 
more unscientific than the investigator of nature who . 
speaks of vital force in the organism.’’ The new 
edition is edited, with the addition of useful notes, 
by Erich Metze. 
AN account, by Mr. S. W. Kemp, of the Crustacea 
Stomatopoda (Squillidz) of the Indo-Pacific region 
constitutes part i. of vol. iv. of the Memoirs of the 
Indian Museum. It is really, so far as the structure 
and relations of the adults are concerned, a mono- 
graph of the entire group, since in addition to a 
review of all the local forms it includes a list, with - 
references and synonymy, of all the species described 
from other regions. Altogether, according to the 
author, 139 species and varieties of adult Stomatopoda 
are known, of which ninety-seven have their being 
in the Indo-Pacific. All these are critically compared 
and succinctly described, the author having investi- 
gated not merely the extensive collection in his own 
charge, but also select loan collections from the 
British Museum and other institutions. No new 
methods of classification are proposed, though em- 
phasis is laid upon the value of the ischio-meral arti- 
culation of the raptorial maxilliped for a primary sub- 
division of recent Squillidze; the characters employed 
in grouping the species. are those furnished by the 
raptorial apparatus, the sculpture of the carapace 
terga and telson, the form of the abdomen, the size, 
form, and inclination of the eye, and to a certain 
extent the presence or absence of a mandibular palp. 
Masterly as is the ‘‘ systematic’ touch, equal skill and 
judgment are shown in the treatment of those larger 
biological problems that always confront the open- 
eyed systematist, and the style throughout is a model 
of lucidity. The ten fine plates by S. C. Mondul that 
illustrate the memoir are part of the Illustrations of 
the R.I.M. Survey Ship, Investigator. 
Tue final part of the “Lepidoptera Indica (Rhopa- 
locera) ’’ has now been published by Messrs. L. Reeve 
and Co., Ltd., completing the tenth volume of this 
important work. The task of describing the whole of 
the butterfly fauna of India was planned and begun 
by the late Dr. F. Moore in 1890, and since his death 
in 1907 it has been carried on by.Colonel C. Swinhoe, 
