514 
2000 franes to Louis Roule, for continuing and ex- 
tending his researches on the morphology and biology 
of the salmon in France. 
2000 francs to Jean Pougnet, for the continuation 
of his researches on the chemical and biological action 
of ultra-violet light. 
2000 francs to C. Dauzére for his work on cellular 
vortices, 
2000 francs to Méd. Gard, for the publication of a 
work and atlas on material left by the late M. Bornet. 
4000 francs to Aug. Chevalier, to meet the expense 
necessitated by the classification of the botanical 
material arising from his expeditions in Africa. 
2000 francs to Paul Becquerel, for the continuation 
of his physiological researches relating to the influence 
of radio-active substances upon the nutrition, repro- 
duction, and variation of some species of plants. 
4ooo francs to Le Morvan, for assistance in pub- 
lishing the photographic atlas of the moon. * 
2000 francs to Jacques Pellegrin, to assist him to 
pursue his researches and publish works on African 
fishes. 
3000 francs to E. Rengade, for a systematic re- 
search on the presence and distribution of the rare 
alkali metals in mineral waters. 
3000 francs to Charles Alluaud, for the publication 
of work on the Alpine fauna and flora of the high 
mountainous regions of eastern Africa. 
2000 francs to Charles Lormand, for the purchase 
of a sufficient quantity of radium bromide to carry out 
methodical researches on the action of radio-activity 
on the development of plants. 
2000 francs to Alphonse Labbé, for researches on 
the modifications undergone by animals on changing 
from salt to fresh water or the reverse. 
3000 francs to G. de Gironcourt, for the publication 
of the scientific results of his expeditions in Morocco 
and western Africa. 
3000 francs to A. F. Legendre, for the publication 
of maps and documents of his expeditions in China. 
2000 francs to H. Abraham, for the determination 
of the velocity of propagation of Hertzian waves be 
tween Paris and Toulon. 
PAPERS ON VERTEBRATE 
PAL ONTOLOGY. 
a ae vol. xxii. (pp. 407-420) of thé Bulletin of the 
KU American Museum of Natural History Prof. 
H. F. Osborn contributes two articles on the skulls of 
ungulates from the Wind River Lower Eocene of 
Wyoming. A very interesting point is that in the 
members of the family Uintatheriidz chacteristic 
of this stage, such as Bathyopsis, the skull lacks the 
great bony horn-cores of the later types, their place 
being taken by small knobs. In the perissodactyle 
Titanotheriidz it has been found that two phyla of 
the genus Eotitanops are recognisable, one com- 
prising relatively small, persistently primitive light- 
limbed species, and the other animals of a larger and 
more progressive type. Several mew species are 
named. 
In the Bulletin of the Department of Geology, 
California University (vol. vii., pp. 169-175), Dr. J. C. 
Merriam describes a lower molar of a tapir obtained 
many years ago from the auriferous gravels of Cali- 
fornia as a new race of a species described by Leidy 
from the Pleistocene of South Carolina. To this race 
(Tapirus haysii californicus) is provisionally referred 
a set of three upper molars from the late Tertiary of 
Oregon. The species appears to be nearly related to 
the existing Central American T. bairdi. 
The skeletons of Saurolophus osborni, a duck-billed 
dinosaur of the family Trachodontidz, and of Hypacro- 
NO. 2305, VOL. 92] 
NATURE 
[JANUARY I, 1914 
saurus altispinus, a new genus and species of the 
same family, both from the Upper Cretaceous of 
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, form the subject of two 
papers by Mr. Barnum Brown in vol. xxxii. (pp. 387- 
407) of the Bulletin of the American Museum of 
Natural History. The type skeleton of the former, 
which measures about 32 ft. in length—the same as 
that of the contemporaneous Trachodon mirabilis— 
has been mounted on a slab for exhibition. Sauro- 
lophus, it appears, is much more numerously repre- 
sented in the Edmonton beds than its cousin 
Trachodon. Hypacrosaurus is characterised by the 
great height of the spines of the dorsal vertebrze, 
coupled with the presence of nine vertebre in the 
sacrum, against eight in the allied genus. 
Under the name of Rutiodon manhattensis, Prof. 
F. von Huene describes in the volume last cited (pp. 
275-283) the remains of a new species of phytosaur 
(belodont) from the Upper Triassic of Fort Lee, New 
Jersey, at the base of the ‘ Palisades,” opposite New 
York. In the opinion of the describer, Rutiodon and 
the European Mystrisuchus, on account of the taller 
spines of their vertebrae and the consequently more 
compressed form of their bodies, were probably better 
swimmers than the typical Phytosaurus. Both were 
long-snouted reptiles, of larger bodily size than 
Phytosaurus, the new species being the biggest yet 
described. 
From the Trias of Heligoland Mr. H. Schroeder 
(K. Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt) describes a beauti- 
fully preserved skull of a large stegocephalian (laby- 
rinthodont) as a new species (C. helgolandiae) of the 
genus typified by von Meyer’s Capitosaurus nasutus 
from the Trias of Burnberg. 
Mere reference will suffice for supplementary notes 
on fossil sharks by Messrs. D. S. Jordan and C. H. 
Beal, published in the Bulletin of the Department 
eee California University (vol. vii., pp. 243- 
256). 
In the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural 
History, vol. xxxii., pp. 437-439, Dr. R. Broom 
records additional remains of the extinct South African 
horse described by himself in 1909 under the name of 
Equus capensis. These are stated to indicate a 
heavily built, short-legged species, standing about 
fourteen hands, and apparently distinct from all the 
existing South African members of the genus, as well 
as from the Arab stock. 
In a second communication the same author (op. 
cit., Pp. 441-437) describes a number of remains of 
South African dicynodont reptiles, many of which are 
regarded as representing new species of the typical 
Dicynodon, while others are assigned to new genera. 
It is interesting to note that a skull described by 
Huxley as that of a lizard, under the name of 
Pristerodon mackayi, really represents a dicynodont 
furnished with cheek-teeth. R. L 
AGRICULTURE AT THE BRITISH 
ASSOCIATION. = 
a Diese meeting this year was one of the most success- 
ful held since agriculture has been recognised 
at the British Association, both the quality of the 
papers and the attendance at the section being exceed- 
ingly good. Prof. Wood, in his presidential address, 
dealt with a problem which has now assumed very 
great importance. Hitherto the agricultural expert 
working in the counties and among farmers, has had 
to demonstrate certain facts which were already 
known at the experiment stations. One of the most 
important is the effect of phosphates in improving 
grassland, an effect so striking that it can be demon- 
strated without very refined experiments, so that the 
