Dec. iS, 1884] 



NA TURE 



'59 



m ui) a, 420 people are lo be fouml crowded within the limits of 

 one square kilometre. The total debt of the Governnent is 

 reckoned at 266,000,000 francs, of which 214,000,000 francs 

 11 contracted within the Empire itself, leaving only 

 52,000,000 francs of foreign debt. The army is composed of 

 two large bodies : the Tartar army, including the Manchoos and 

 the Mongols ; and second, the Chinese army. The Tartar army, 

 guarding Pekin, the frontiers, and the coast, comprises the army 

 of Manchooria of 30,000 men, the Mongolian army of 20,000 

 men, the Turkestan army of 40,000, and lastly the army occupy- 

 ing the maritime provinces, numbering 100,000. The Chinese 

 . i 1- distributed throughout the eighteen provinces, 

 and performs the functions of police in addition to its military 

 duties. Its number ranges from 20,000 to 100,000 in each pro- 

 vince, according to its population and its defensive requirements. 

 The navy in 1S79 was estimated to comprise fifty-six ships 

 armed with 2S3 guns, and manned by 5860 marines. Since that 

 late, however, the fleet has been largely developed. 



aphical Society of Amster- 

 dam i> about to acquire the fac-simile of the most ancient map 

 known, and which represents the Roman Empire as it was in the 

 Augustus. It is formed of eleven folding maps, which make 

 one large map &h metres in length. The original is in the Royal 

 Library at Vienna, which purchased it in the sixteenth century 

 from the estate of Conrad Peutinger of Augsburg, a circum- 

 stance which gave the map it^ name of Tabula Peutingeriana. 

 Peutinger purchased it for 40 ducats. The original, which is 

 dated 1265, was the work of a Dominican monk of Colmar. 



I hi deaths are announced of two Italian geographers and 

 travellers, Eugenio Balbi and Carlo Guarmani. The former 

 was the son of the celebrated Adrien Balbi, and was born at 

 Florence in 1S12. After several years' travel in Europe, he 

 finally returned to Italy, where he devoted all his energy to the 

 study of ethnography and geographical science. His principal 

 : "Gea"; "I monumenti della geografia nell' evo 

 medio e modemo ' ; " L'ltalia nei suoi naturali confini." 

 Guarmani had travelled widely, and in his last year- h is one 

 of the correspondents of the geographical review of Milan, 

 itore. 



The In entine Geography has decided to organise 



lition into the Andes of Patagonia. The expl 



leave Lake Nahuel-Huapi, and "ill then undertake a detailed 



tion from a geographical p lint of view of the Argentine 



dope of the Andes, following it to the Straits of Magellan. The 



lie expedition will be Capt. Moyano, who has been 



instructed to pres to the Institute at the earliest 



possible date, indicating the plan of work, the instruments, and 



. as well as an approximate estimate of 



the expense. '1 I ivernment will be requested to 



grant the co operation of the troops stationed on the frontiers 



of Limay, as well ; 1 act where possible 



in concert with the expedition. 



A TEACHING UNIVERSITY FOR LONDON 

 i nection with our leading article this week we append 



the foil .ving Plan for Promoting a Teaching University for 



1 i at the meeting : — 



immittee was appointed on Monday, November 10, 

 to draw up a plan, in accordance with the objects of the 

 n for promoting a Teaching University which are 

 ion of University Teaching in and 

 I in, in the form of a Teaching University, with Faculties 



■t Arts, Science, Medicine, and Laws. 121 The association of 

 University Examination with University Teaching, and direction 

 of both by the same authorid 5. ; The conferring of a sub- 

 . eminent of tlie University upon those 

 engaged in the work of University Teaching and Examination. 

 1 \ u I itul >.'' in I om 1 -i University rank, not to 

 be abolished or ignored, hut to be taken as the bases or com- 

 irts of the University, and either partially or completely 

 incorporated, with the minimum of internal change. 151 An 

 alliance to be established between the LTi id the Pro- 



fessional Corporation-, the Council of 1 m as repre- 



senting the Inns of Court, an ! the Royal Colleges of Physicians 

 I 

 The Sub-Committee, consisting of Lord Reay, Chairman, 

 Prol lohn Marshall, F.R.S., Ex-P.R.C.S., Dr. W. M. Ord, 



F.R.C.P., Mr. F. Pollock, Barrister-at-Law, Mr. R. S. Poole, 

 British Museum, Dr. P. H. Pye Smith, F.R.C.P., Prof. G. C.W. 

 Warr, King's College, Prof. A. W. Williamson, University 

 College, and Sir George Young, met and considered the subject 

 of reference, and submitted the following proposed plan of a 

 Teaching University for London for the consideration of the 

 Committee, on Monday, the 15th inst. : — 



(a) The Constitution of the Teaching University. 

 — To be founded on (1) the Faculties or Constituent Bodies ; 

 (2) a Board of Studies for each Faculty ; (3) a Governing Body 

 or Council. 



(1) The Council. — To consist of Members representative of — 



(a) The several Faculties. The proportion of representatives 

 of the Faculties to the whole number of the Council to be at 

 least one-third. 



(b) The Senate of the University of London. 



(c) The Council of Legal Education. 



((/) The Royal Colleges of Physicians and of Surgeons. 



(e) It should be a point for future consideration whether other 

 Public Bodies should be directly represented on the Council, e.g., 

 the Authorities of the British Museum, of the Royal Academy 

 and Royal Society, of the Incorporated Law Society, and of the 

 Institute of Civil Engineers. 



(/) Colleges and other Educational Institutions associated 

 with the University. The amount of representation and the 

 qualification for direct representation on the Council to be de- 

 termined, in each case, having regard both to the nature and the 

 amount of the educational work performed by the Associated 

 Institution. 



(f) Endowing Bodies, e.g., the Crown, if the Teaching 

 University should receive State endowment ; the Corporation 

 and Companies of the City of London, if they contribute to 

 endow the University. 



Representatives of Associated Institutions and Endowing 

 Bodies not to exceed one-third of the whole number of places 

 on the Council. 



(2) The Boards of Studies. — To be elected by each Faculty. 

 Some additional Members might be appointed by the Council. 

 The Board to advise in all matters relating to the Faculty, and 

 to exercise authority in such matters as are delegated to it by the 

 Council. Facilities to be provided for joint meetings and action 

 of two or more Boards of Studies when necessary. The Board 

 to appoint some or all of the representatives of the Faculty upon 

 the Council. If any are appointed by the Faculty direct, they 

 should also be ex officio Members of the Board. 



(3) The Faculties. — To consist for electing purposes of — 



(a) Teachers : being Professors, Lecturers, or persons of 

 equivalent standing, in the Colleges or Educational institutions 

 associated with the LIniversity. 



(b) Examiners for the time being in the Teaching University 

 and in the existing L'niversity. 



(c) Additional Members, to be appointed by the Council, on 

 the recommendation of the Board of Studies. 



There might also be Honorary Members of Faculties, including 

 Graduates in that Faculty, of the Teaching University ; Mem- 

 bers of Convocation of the existing University according to their 

 Degrees ; recipients of degrees honoris causa, and so forth ; 

 such Honorary Members having the right to attend anil vote 

 only at a General Meeting of the Faculty, to be summoned on 

 requisition when necessary. 



(/>) Relations of the Teaching University with other 

 Bodies. — (1) TkeExistingUnhiersity. — There might be one Chan- 

 cellor, with two 'Vice- Chancellors, the Teaching University and 

 existing University constituting one University in two depart- 

 ments. The Degrees might, if necessary, be distinguished by 

 their designation in some suitable manner. The Senate of the 

 existing University would remain unaltered, would be appointed 

 as at present, and would control the present Examinations and 

 confer Degrees, without interference. Convocation might ac- 

 cept the Graduates of the Teaching University as full Members. 

 The Teaching University might, so far as is practicable, find a 

 place of meeting at Burlington House, together with the 

 existing University. 



(2) The Professional Corporations. — Degrees in Law, Medi- 

 cine, and Surgery to be recognised as qualifying pro lanto for 

 Call to the Bar or for Licence to practise, the power of Calling 

 to the Bar or of conferring Licences to practise being reserved to 

 the existing Authorities. The previous Examinations of the 

 Teaching University to receive recognition by those Authorities. 

 such as is now given to the Examinations of existing Universities. 



