November 9, 1905] 



iVL / TURE 



47 



A. E. Humber, Portsmouth; G. Lees, Southsea ; A. Ward, 

 London ; A. W. Sawyer, London ; C. E. G. House, Chat- 

 ham ; II. Schofield, Halifax; J. M. Robertson, Pembroke 

 Dock; W. E. G. Sillick, Devonport ; J. A. Cormack, 

 Glasgow; F. Clements, Chesterfield; B. J. Cole, Devon- 

 port; P. W. M. Sparey, London; S. Lees, Manchester; 



B. II. Penn, Bedford; W. H. Stock, Swindon; W. R. 

 Sinclair, Newcastle-on-Tyne ; M. Bell, Bensham, Gales- 

 head; T. H. Essery, Devonport; S. H. Warren, Devon- 

 pent ; A. R. Valon, London ; G. R. Wilkinson, Oldham ; 

 A. D. Johnston, jun., South Shields: W. C. A. Bowles, 

 London; A. L. Bird, Cambridge; T. X. Adlam, Trow- 

 bridge; J. Bedford, Chingford ; P. P. Smart, Wolverton ; 



C. L. Gransden, Chatham ; W. F. Brown, Birkenhead. 



The following list of successful candidates in this year's 

 competition among science students for Royal exhibitions, 

 national scholarships and free studentships has been issued 

 by the Board of Education : — Royal exhibitions : Arthur B. 

 -\Iiddleton, Bradford, Manchester; William White, South- 

 sea; Alfred E. Humber, Portsmouth; George Lees, South- 

 sea ; Frederick E. Pollard, Eastwood, Notts ; James L. 

 Kent, Portsmouth; Frank Fielden, Halifax. National 

 Scholarships for Mechanics (Group A) : Arthur T. Wall, 

 Plymouth ; Arthur Cannon, Plymouth ; William E. 

 Dommett, Southsea ; Herbert J. London, London ; Charles 



E. G. House, Chatham ; William E. G. Sillick, Devon- 

 port. Free Studentships for Mechanics (Group A) : Charles 

 L. (iransden, Chatham; Harford G. Stephens, Leicester. 

 National Scholarships for Physics {Group B) : John M. 

 Strang, ( jlasgow ; Frederick Reid, Glasgow ; John W. 

 Waters, Chatham ; Dudley Orson-Wood, Chiswick ; George 



F. Hemens, London ; William F. Higgins, London ; 

 Walter C. M. Pettingill, Leeds. Free Studentships for 

 Physics (Group B) : Frederick J. Harlow, Whitstable ; 

 Edward F. Pattenden, Whitstable. National Scholarships 

 for Chemistry (Group C) : Harry F. V. Little, London; 

 Tom Thornley, Blackburn ; Samuel Lamb, Bradley, 

 Bilston ; Alan C. Webber, Brighton; John H. Jennings, 

 Plymouth: Robert O'F. Oakley, London. Free Student- 

 ships for Chemistry (Group C) : Archibald Wise, Plymouth ; 

 Charles S. Garland, London. National Scholarships for 

 Geology (Group E) : John W. Maxfield, Burnley ; Ernest 

 Proctor, Burnley ; James Mitchell, Burnley. 



The annual general meeting of the Association of 

 Teachers in Technical Institutes was held at the Birkbeck 

 College, London, on November 4. The association, which 

 was founded a year ago, alreadv has a membership of 

 300 exclusive of tile Association of Teachers of Domestic 

 Sciences, which is affiliated with it. Mr. W. J. Lineham, 

 the president, was in the chair, and moved the adoption 

 of the report of the council, which was subsequently agreed 

 to. The council recommends in the report that meetings 

 of teachers in provincial technical institutes be called to lay 

 the claims of the association before them directly. A 

 resolution was passed instructing the council to call meet- 

 ings of the teachers in provincial technical institutes and 

 to consider the following matters with full powers to act 

 therein : — (a) The formation of local or provincial branches 

 of the association ; (b) joint action or federation with the 

 W 7 est Riding Association of Teachers of Science, Art, and 

 Technology, the Federation of London Teachers, and other 

 bodies of teachers. One of the most important matters 

 discussed during the year has been the registration of 

 teachers. A scheme has been drawn up by the council, 

 and a circular has been issued to members pointing out 

 its importance upon the future status and professional 

 position of teachers in technical institutes. A scheme for 

 registration has already been formulated by the teachers of 

 domestic science. The council recommends that steps lie 

 taken at an early date, by deputation or otherwise, to 

 urge upon public examining authorities the importance of 

 securing closer connection between the examiner and the 

 teacher. Various amendments to the constitution and rules 

 were decided upon, and the title of the association was 

 changed to that of " The National Association of Teachers 

 in Technical Institutes," and it was resolved that its 

 officers be a president, two vice-presidents, an hon. secre- 

 tary, and an hon. treasurer. Mr. Lineham was ele< ted 

 president for the ensuing year. 



no. 1880, vol. 73I 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 

 London. 



Physical Society, October 27. — Prof. J. H. Poynting, 

 F.R.S., president, in the chair. — The theory of phase- 

 meters : Dr. W. E. Sumpner. The author shows in the 

 paper that the theory of the instruments is the same 

 whether they contain iron or not, and however the coils 

 may be arranged ; that they can be calibrated by direct- 

 current methods, although for use on alternating-current 

 circuits ; and that a new type of instrument, containing 

 iron, conforms to the theory given. The main results of 

 the investigation are : — (1) Phasemeters for multi-phase 

 circuits are all equally accurate on balanced loads pro- 

 vided they have been correctly calibrated and possess no 

 faults due to purely mechanical causes. Their accuracy- 

 is not affected by variations in wave-form or in current- 

 frequency. (2) Phasemeters can be simply and accurately 

 calibrated for balanced loads by means of a direct-current 

 method of test. (3) The error of phasemeters on un- 

 balanced circuits is generally serious for loads which are 

 badly out of balance. The error, like that of a wattmeter, 

 increases rapidly as the power-factor of the load diminishes. 

 It can only be reduced at the expense of complication in 

 the instrument, by increasing the number of coils used in 

 the fixed and moving systems, and by arranging the coils 

 ami magnetic circuits to be symmetrical in regard to one 

 another. — Apparatus designed for measuring the coronal 

 radiation during an eclipse : Prof. II. L. Callendar. A 

 preliminary test of the apparatus with the thermopile 

 directly exposed to radiation of known intensity showed a 

 deflection of nearly 25 cm. for one-thousandth of a calorie 

 per sq. cm. per min., so that radiation one-millionth of 

 full sunshine could be detected with certainty without 

 using a mirror. When placed in the focus of the telescope 

 used, radiation one thousand times smaller than this could 

 be observed, so that even if the intrinsic heat-radiating 

 power of the corona were only one ten-millionth of the 

 solar surface it could still be measured to within 1 per 

 cent. The essential point in the observations was to 

 eliminate the variable effects of atmospheric radiation, for 

 which a differential method of observation with the two 

 halves of the pile was particularly suitable. In taking 

 observations on the corona, the motion of the moon during 

 totality was made use of to define the exact area of the 

 corona corresponding to tin- differential reading. At the 

 commencement of totality, the thermopile being centred 

 on the sun, the inner corona on the eastern limb would 

 be fully exposed, while on the western it would be partlv 

 covered by the moon. At the end of totality the reverse 

 would be the case. The difference of the readings would 

 correspond to the radiation of the strip of the inner corona 

 uncovered by the motion of the moon between the two 

 readings. The area of the strip of corona considered could 

 be accurately determined from the times at which the 

 readings were taken. 



Paris. 



Academy of Sciences, October 30. — M. Trnost in the 

 chair. — Two hnematozoa of the partridge and turkey : 

 A. Laveran and M. Lucet. The first of these was the 

 cause of the death of 97 out of 100 Hungarian partridges 

 imported into France. Its appearance and mode of division 

 corresponded with Haemamoeba relicta, a parasite which 

 has been known to be responsible fur epidemics in many 

 birds, but not hitherto of the partridge. The other para- 

 site, found to be the cause of perityphlo-hepatitis in the 

 domestic turkey, appears to belong to a new species, and 

 is named Haemamoeba Smithi. — A criterion for the appli- 

 cation of the Gompertz-Makeham mortality law : Charles 

 Goldziher. The application of this law depends absolutely 

 on tin- regularity of the original series, but, so far, an 

 exact criterion for the exactitude of the limits between 

 which this application is possible has been wanting. This 

 is worked out in the present paper. — On the composition 

 of the hydrochloroferric colloid with respect to the amount 

 of hydrochloric acid present in the suspending liquid : G. 

 Malfitano. By increasing the concentration of the medium 

 in hydrochloric acid, the colloid tends to approximate to 

 the composition H(Fe.0 6 H,.)Cl. — Observations relating to 

 some india-rubber plants : A. Chevalier. Whatever may- 

 be the family to which a caoutchouc belongs, its richness 



