i86 



X. ITU RE 



'[June 19, 1 ! 



philanthropy inactive, or that the hatred of evil will become 

 indifference. Science will not cease to search for knowledge, or 

 to make it useful when she can ; we shall not see less than we 

 do now, and here, of the good results of enterprise and rivalry, 

 and of the sense of duty and the sorrow for shame that there 

 should be evil in the land. 



What more, then, it may be asked, is wanted ? I answer, 

 that which I have tried to stir : a larger and more practical re- 

 cognition of the value and happiness of good national health ; a 

 wider study and practice of all the methods of promoting it ; or, 

 at least, a more ready and liberal help to those who are striving 

 to promote it. In one sentence, we want the complete fulfil- 

 ment of the design of this Exhibition, with all the means towards 

 health and knowledge that are shown in it, and with its hand- 

 books, lectures, conferences, and the verdicts of its juries. 



We want more ambition for renown in health. I should like 

 to see a personal ambition for renown in health as keen as is 

 that for bravery, or for beauty, or for success in our athletic 

 games and field-sports. I wish there were such an ambition for 

 the most perfect national health as there is for national renown 

 in war, or in art or commerce. And let me end soon by briefly 

 saying what I think such health should be. 



I spoke of the pattern healthy man as one who can do his 

 work vigorously wherever and whatever it may be. The union 

 of strength with a comparative indifference to the external ci m- 

 ditions of life, and a ready self-adjustment to their changes, is a 

 distinctive characteristic of the best health. He should not be 

 deemed thoroughly healthy who is made better or worse, more or 

 less fit for work, by every change of weather or of food ; nor he 

 who, in order that he may do his work, is bound to exact rules 

 of living. It is good to observe rules, and to some they arc- 

 absolutely necessary, but it is better to need none but those of 

 moderation, and, observing these, to be able and willing to live 

 and work hard in the widest variations of food, clothing, and all 

 the other sustenances of life. 



And this, which is a sign of the best personal health, is essen- 

 tial to the best national health. For in a great nation, distributed 

 among its people, there should be both muscular and mental 

 powers suited to the greatest possible variety of work. No form 

 or depth of knowledge should be beyond the attainment of some 

 among them ; no art should be beyond its reach ; it should be 

 excellent in every form of work. And, that its various powers 

 may have free exercise and i ihience in the world, it must have, 

 besides, distributed among its people, abilities to live healthily 

 wherever work must be or can be done. 



Herein is the essential bond between health and education ; 

 herein is one of the motives for the combination of the two 

 within the purpose of this one Exhibition ; I do not know 

 whether health or knowledge contributes most to the prosperity 

 of a nation ; but no nation can proper which does not equally 

 promote both : they should be deemed twin forces, for either of 

 them without the other has only half the power for good that it 

 : hould have. 



It is said, whether as fact or fable, that the pursuit of science 

 and of all the higher le un-ng followed on the first exercise of the 

 humanity which spared the lives of sick and weakly chil- 

 dren ; for that these children being allowed to live, though 

 unfit for war or self-maintenance, became thinkers and inventors. 

 But learning is not now dependent upon invalids ; minds are not 

 the better now for having to work in feeble bodies ; each nation 

 needs for its full international influence both health and know- 

 ledge, and such various and variable health that there should be 

 few places on earth or water in which some of its people cannot 

 live, and multiply, and be prosperous. 



If, therefore, we or any other people are to continue ambitious 

 for the extension of that higher mental power of which we 

 boast, or for the success of the bold spirit of enterprise with 

 which we seek to replenish the earth and subdue it ; if we desire 

 that the lessons of Christianity and of true civilisation should be 

 spread over the world, we must strive for an abundance of this 

 national health, tough, pliant, and elastic, ready and fit for any 

 good work anywhere. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 



INTELLIGENCE 



Cambridge. — The Senior Wrangler, Mr. W. F. Sheppard, 



scholar of Trinity College, is a native of Australia ; the Second 

 Wrangler, Mr. W. P. Workman, also a scholar of Trinity, 

 is the son of a Wesleyan minister. 



The Natural Sciences Tripos, Part 1, contains the names of 

 fifty-three men. of whom thirteen are placed in the first class ; in 

 addition six are allowed an ordinary degree, and six are excused 

 the general examination. Two ladies attained a first class, four 

 a second, and one a third. 



In the Natural Sciences Tripos, Part 2, the first class includes 

 the names of Messrs. Adami (Physiology) Christ's College ; 

 Chree (Physics), King's; Green (Botany, Physiology), Trinity; 

 Head (Physiology), Trinity ; Laurie (Chemistry), King's ; 

 Phillips (Botany), St. John's ; Shipley (Zoology), Christ's; and 

 Threlfall (Chemistry, Physics), Caius. The subjects mentioned 

 are those for distinction in which the candidates are placed in 

 the first class. 



Mr. C. Potter will give lectures on Systematic Botany with 

 field excursions and practical work, in the long vacation, be- 

 ginning July 8. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES 

 London 



Mathematical Society, June 12.— Prof. Henrici, F.R.S., 

 president, in the chair. — Mr. G. S. Ely, Fellow of the Johns 

 Hopkins University, Baltimore, was elected a member. — The 

 chairman announced that the Council had awarded the first De 

 Morgan gold medal to Prof. Cayley, F.R.S. — A note on the 

 induction of electric currents in a cylinder placed across the 

 lines of magnetic force, by Prof. H. Lamb, was read in ab- 

 stract. — Mr. J. Hammond gave some results of a paper which is 

 shortly to appear in the American Jow nal of Mathematics. 



Linnean Society, June 5. — Wm. Carruthers, F.R. S., vice- 

 president, in the chair. — Messrs. J. Starkie Gardner, F.G.S., and 

 J. H. Leech were elected Fellows of the Society. — Mr. J. 

 Harris Stone exhibited and made remarks on specimens and 

 photographs, viz. portion of the wood and of a remarkable wart 

 (as large as a cocoa-nut) from the famous dragon-tree, Dracatna 

 draco, of the Canaries; photograph of the young dragon-tree 

 planted by the Marquesa de Sawyal, and now growing on the 

 site of the old celebrated tree of Oratova ; photograph of the 

 dragon-tree of Icod-de-los-Vinos in Teneriffe ; and a photograph 

 of the Peak of Teneriffe, showing how the " Retana " grows on 

 the Caiiadas. — There was shown, on behalf of Mr. R. Morton 

 Middleton, a small branch of Cotoneaster microphylla grown at 

 Castle Eden, Co. Durham, and a good example of fasciation in 

 this plant. — Dr. R. C. A. Prior afterwards drew attention to 

 specimens of the rare Potentilla rttpestris from Craig Breidhin, 

 Montgomeryshire, and of Rtimex sanguineus, from the neigh- 

 bourhood of Bristol, both freshly gathered by Mr. T. Bruges 

 Flower, F.L.S. — A paper by Mr. G. Claridge Druce was read, 

 in which he describes a new variety of Melampyrum prattnse, 

 L., and which he suggests should be known as var. hians. 

 — Prof. J. Martin Duncan read a paper on a new genus 

 of recent Fungida allied to the fossil form Mioabacia ; 

 the genus being based on a specimen of coral obtained 

 from shallow water in the Corean Sea. — A communication 

 was made by Mr. Arthur R. Hunt, on the influence of 

 wave-currents on the fauna inhabiting shallow seas. The 

 author refers to various physical data, among others quoting 

 Prof. Stokes and Mr. T. Stevenson, the latter stating that a 

 current of o'6Sig of a mile per hour will carry forwards fine 

 gravel, and that of I '3638 roll along pebbles an inch in dia- 

 meter. From this and other facts Mr. Hunt argues that wave- 

 currents do materially influence the marine fauna inhabiting 

 shallow water, not only those of the tidal strand, but likewise 

 those inhabiting the deeper sea-bottom. He adduces instances 

 of animals living among or on rocks, and of those frequenting 

 sand or other deposits, enumerating species of star-fish, mollusks, 

 shrimps, crabs, and fish. He says that even the flat-fishes 

 (Pleuronectidrs) seem to have changed their original forms and 

 habits for the purpose of being able to live in shallow waters 

 agitated by waves. Referring more particularly to species of 

 Cardium, he endeavours to show how, under the influence of 

 wave-currents, the variation of species may be promoted and 

 even their local extinction brought about. — A paper was read, 

 on the Longicorn Beetles of Japan, by Mr. H. W Bates. In a 

 former paper (in 1S73), on the same subject, the author treated 

 of 107 species, but now adds many new genera and 129 more 

 species, or a total of 236 specific forms as at present known to 

 belong to the Japanese fauna. This great accession is due to 

 the later collections of Mr. Geo. Lewis, who made a second 



