60 
horizontally spreading at maturity, spongy at the base, with a distinct 
beak and mostly with scabrous margins. 
113. C. dioica L. 
Hook. Fl. bor. Am. II p. 208; Nath., Nachtr. zu d. Notizen thber 
die Fanerogamfl. Grénl. p. 132; Feilden, Fl. of Kolguev; C. dioica 7, gy- 
nocrates Ledeb. Fl. Ross. IV p. 264; C. gynocrates Wormsk. in Drej. 
Revis. crit. Car. bor. p. 434; Lge. Consp. Fl. Groenl. p. 131; Rosenv., 
Till. p.717; C. parallela Hartz, Norddést Groénl. p. 344; Nath., Spetsb. 
Karlv. p. 36; Th. Holm, Nov. Zeml. Veget. p. 18; C. dioica f. parallela 
Scheutz, Pl. vase. Jeniss.; non C. parallela Dusén, Ost-Groénl. p. 54, which 
is Elyna Bellardi. 
Dioecious or monoecious; rhizome more or less stoloniferous ; 
leaves hemi-cylindrical, smooth or a little scabrous on the margins; 
spike terminal solitary, male linear-oblong, female shortly cylindrical, 
or spike with mixed sexes more or less ovoid; scales obtuse or acute, 
light to dark-brown, shorter than the utricles; utricles plano-convex 
or biconyex, more or less spreading, tapering into a beak with 
smooth or scabrous margins. 
In the Arctic regions the following four geographical races are 
to be found: 
a, typica. 
Feilden, 1. c.; Fl. D. tab. 369. 
Dioecious or very seldom monoecious; female scales dark- 
brown, obtuse; utricles dark-brown spreading, plano-convex, ovate 
with flat, scabrous beak. 
C. gynocrates Lge. 1. c.; Rosenv., l.c.; Drej., l.c.; Fl. D. tab. 1529; 
Kunze, Suppl. Schkuhr’s Riedgr. p. 128, tab. XXXI, 1; C. dioica Hook. bee 
Nath., Nachtr. Gronl. p. 132: C. Redowskyana Britton and Brown, IIL. 
Flora I p. 340, non C. A. Meyer. 
Monoecious or dioecious; female scales light-brown, acute; 
gynocrates (Wormsk.). 
utricles paler, horizontally reflexed, curved, biconvex, broadly ovate 
with nearly smooth, short, terete beak. 
y, parallela Leestad., Kgl. Vet. Akad. Handl. p. 338, 1822. 
C. parallela Sommerf. Suppl. Fl. Lappon. p. 39; Nath., Spetsb. Karly. 
p. 36> Thi Holmyilics, Hartz, Ici; El D: Suppl tabs29: 
Dioecious; female scales subacute, dark-brown; female spikelet 
more lax-flowered, cylindrical; utricles dark-brown, suberect, bi- 
convex, lanceolate-ovate; beak longer, smooth. 
6, Redowskiana (C. A. Mey.). 
C. Redowskiana C. A. Mey., Mém. prés. 4 lAcad. de St. Petersb. par 
diy. say., 1831, p. 207, tab. IV; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. IV p. 265; Meinshausen, 
