131 
Fl. bor. Am. II p. 250 tab. 230; Taylor, l.c. p.86; F. ovina var. supina 
Reichardt, Fl. Jan Mayen p. 11. 
Ceespitose, innovations intravaginate, prefolium long. Leaves 
involute, setaceous. Culms short, rigid. Panicle short, contracted, 
dense, somewhat one-sided. Spikes about 5-flowered, glumes un- 
equal, acute, lower pale more or less awned. 
The commonest form in Arctic regions, F. brevifolia R. Br., has 
somewhat inflated sheaths on the upper leaves, large flowers (lower 
pale about 5 mm.), generally tinged with violet, awn half as long 
or about as long as the pale, short anthers (0,7—1 mm.) and is not 
seldom viviparous. F. Richardsonii Hook. as figured (I. ¢.) has the 
same innovation and cespitose growth (although described with 
creeping stolons) as F. ovina and can certainly not be separated 
from this species. 
The mountain forms of F. ovina from Central Europe: F. supina Schur, F. Halleri 
All. and F. alpina Suter are not very different from the Arctic F. brevifolia R. Br. 
Am.: Port Clarence, Kotzebue Sound, Arctic Sea-Coast and Islands (!), 
Islands in Hudson Strait, Baffin Land, Grinnell Land to 82° 27’, West 
Greenl. 60°—81° 40’ (!), East Greenl. 60°—74° 40’ (). Eur.: Jan Mayen (!), 
Spitsbergen (!), Novaya Zemlya to 75° (!), Kolguev, Habarowa, Samoyede 
Land. <As.: Mouths of the Yenissei, Lena and Kolyma, New Siberian 
Islands, Chukches Land. 
Geogr. area: North America, Iceland, Feerées, Europe, Northern Asia. 
206. F. rubra L. 
Hook. Fl. bor. Am. II p. 250; Greely, Lady Frankl. Bay Exped. II 
p. 15; Lge. Consp. Fl. Groenl. p. 180; Blytt, Bidrag p.8; Ledeb. FI. Ross. 
IV p. 352; Scheutz, Pl. vase. Jeniss. p.183; Reichhardt, Fl. Jan Mayen 
p. 11; Trautv. Fl. rip. Kolym. p.569; F. rubra v. arenaria (Osb.) Lge. l.c. 
p. 180; Hartz, Nordést Groénl. p. 351; Dusén, Ost-Groénl. p. 62; Ledeb. Lc. 
p. 352; Schmidt, Fl. Jeniss. arct. p. 126; Nath., Spetsb. Karlv. p. 29; Th. 
Fries, Beeren Isl. Veget. p. 155; Trauty. Syll. Pl. Sib. bor. orient. p. 540; 
Kjellm. & Lundstr., Nov. Semlja p. 312; Kjellm., Sib. Nordk. Fanerogamfl. 
p. 272, As. Beringss. p.556, Vest-Eskim. Land p.54; F. rubra vy. baica- 
lensis Ledeb. |. c. p. 352; F. duriuscula Lge. I. c. p. 180 p. pt. 
With creeping shoots, innovations extrayaginate, praefolium short. 
Culm erect, internodes longer than the sheaths. Leaves of the sterile 
shoots involute, of the stems generally flat. Panicle somewhat 
drooping, spikelets 4—10-flowered. Glumes unequal, narrow, acu- 
minate; lower pale about 5—8 mm. long, glabrous or hairy, acu- 
minate, generally with a short awn. 
The form with densely hairy spikelets, F. arenaria Osb. seems 
to be the most common in Arctic regions. The vy. baicalensis Ledeb. 
is a luxuriant form. 
9* 
