226 ON THE ANATOMY OF PHYSALUS ANTIQUORUM. [Feb. 14, 
5"; while the length of this last is 8". The thickest part of the 
bone is as much as 2inches. In Physalus antiquorum the sternum 
appears to vary considerably in its shape, size, and relative propor- 
tions. For example, the specimen now at the College of Surgeons is 
17" long by 21" broad, that at the Alexandra Park 24" long by 
213" in breadth, and the Antwerp specimen 24" long by 19! broad 
(Flower, loc. cit. p. 415). 
The scapula is broad and flat, with only the rudiment of a spine, 
represented by a ridge which forms part of the anterior border. 
The base or spinal border is a long depressed arch ; the anterior bor- 
der is nearly straight, the posterior one more concave. The inner 
surface has eight diminutive ridges, spread fan-like for the attach- 
ment of the subscapularis muscle. The greatest breadth of the bone, 
in a direct line between the angles of the spinal border, is 47"; the 
length in the opposite direction, to the glenoid cavity, 27 inches. The 
coracoid process is acuminated and pretty solid; length 6", basal 
breadth 32 inches. The acromion juts out in.a direction almost pa- 
rallel with the coracoid process and spinal border ; it is 10" long, and 
43" at its widest, which is towards the outer end, where it is flat- 
tened, and with a moderate bend towards the ribs, The glenoid 
cavity is shallow and oval-shaped ; the antero-posterior diameter 10", 
and the transverse 7 inches. Circumference round the neck of bone 
293 inches. 
The humerus is very thick, and oblong in shape, with a massive 
rounded head, at the base of which is a groove just sufficient to in- 
dicate a neck. The shaft alters little in thickness; it is flattened 
outwardly with a central oval depression 3 by 23 inches in diameter ; 
the opposite surface of the bone hasa bulky prominence. The con- 
dyles are lost in two broad articulating facets, which approach each 
other in a very open V-shaped manner ; there is a third facet (the 
trochlea) in lateral juxtaposition with the olecranon process. The 
dimensions of the humerus are as follows :— Greatest length 19", the 
same on the ulnar side 17", and on the radial side 165"; greatest 
breadth at the head 123!'; breadth of the narrowest portion of the 
shaft 93", and at the lower part (condyles) 103"; circumference of 
neck 293", the same at middle of shaft 25". 
The radius has a straight, smooth, compressed shaft, a little 
widened at either extremity ; the head and neck are not well defined. 
Its measurements are :—greatest length 30!; breadth at head 72", 
circumference of same 193"; diameter at middle of shaft 53", cir- 
cumference of same 133!; diameter of shaft at lower extremity 
173", circumference of same 173". 
The ulna, like the radius, is compressed both in the shaft and 
extremities, but most considerably at the lower end. The olecranon 
is prominent, and placed laterally and posteriorly to the shaft of the 
bone; it has a flattened semilunar shape. In greatest breadth the 
ulna is 32"; the circumference at the neck of the shaft 133!; the 
diameter at the middle of the shaft is 4'', the circumference of the 
same 103; width at the lower extremity 6", circumference of same 
14", The greatest length of the olecranon process, taken diagonally, 
