1865.] DR. E. CRISP ON THE BACTRIAN CAMEL. 257 
sixty-six new or imperfectly known species of Marine Ostracoda, 
and accompanied by elaborate drawings of the various species. 
This paper will be published in full in the Transactions. 
The following papers were read :— 
1. ON somE PoINTS RELATING TO THE ANATOMY AND Hapits 
OF THE BactriAN CAMEL (CAMELUS BACTRIANUS), AND 
ON THE PRESENCE OF INTESTINAL GLANDS NOT BEFORE 
NoTICED. By Epwarps Crisp, M.D., F.Z.S., erc. 
I shall endeavour, in this paper, to notice chiefly certain parts of 
the anatomy of this animal which, as I believe, have escaped the 
observation of, or have not been fully investigated by previous in- 
quirers ; or if investigated, the mode of research has been different 
to that which I have pursued. This leads me to mention two prac- 
tices that I have for a long time followed, and which, as far as I 
know, I was the first to adopt, and the utility of which, I think, is 
especially apparent in an investigation like the present. These con- 
sist in the filling of some of the hollow organs—as the various portions 
of the intestinal tube, for example—with water, to ascertain their 
capacity, and in the distention of some parts with liquid plaster of 
Paris to show their form and to exhibit injections of the blood- 
vessels or absorbents in a better manner. A part of the injected 
stomach of a Llama (before the Society) treated in this way, to show 
the form of the water-bags and the course of the vessels supplying 
them, well exemplifies the advantage of this method. 
The Camelide are some of the most interesting animals, not only 
as regards their structure, but also in reference to their habits and 
utility, with which the anatomist has to deal. Their history is too 
well known to need repetition here; but it will not be out of place 
to notice the Camels (one- and two-humped) now in the Society’s 
Gardens. These consist of an old male Bactrian Camel with one 
of the humps down*, of a female of the same species born in the 
Crimea in 1855, and of a male Camel about forty years of age. I 
learn that, since the formation of the Society (1826), one Bactrian 
Camel died of dropsy, and that two Camels have been born in the 
Society’s collection ; one of these died, and the other was reared 
and afterwards sent to Edinburgh. A Camel (Bactrian) was born 
in Edmunds’s travelling menagerie last year. I believe the only place 
in Europe where Camels are now bred for profit is Pisa. Of all the 
animals in our menageries, probably the Camel is the most healthy. 
To return to the Camels in the gardens of the Society, I learn from 
the keeper that their consumption of food is about equal to that of 
the Horse, and that they do not drink, even in hot weather, more 
* Tt is well known that these humps often diminish in size, and that the fatty 
matter of which they are composed is again replaced; but Mr. Bartlett informs 
me, “from inquiries he has made of many persons connected with travelling 
menageries, that when the hump falls in this manner it never recovers its erect 
position.” 
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1865, No. XVII. 
