258 DR. E. CRISP ON THE [ Mar. 14, 
than six gallons * daily, and in winter about three gallons. There 
is one remarkable feature in the male Camel that is not, I think, 
generally known. On the back of the neck, just behind the ears, 
are two glandular elevations that furnish, especially during the rut- 
ting season, a very offensive secretion. This, as will be seen by the 
paper smeared with it, is of a dark colour, and very like the sepia of the 
Cuttlefish (Octopus), and might, I believe, be used advantageously 
asa pigment. I find that this secretion is from a large number of 
agminated glands seated under -the skin in the situation above 
named. They are about 4th of an inch in length and 7th of an 
inch in breadth, and are represented in Plate IV. 
In speaking of the generative function, with which these glands 
are intimately connected, let me notice the mode of copulation of 
the Camelide, known to many. The male, often after very un- 
gallant usage to his spouse, compels her to drop down in her usual 
position when at rest, and in this way copulation is accomplished. 
In my paper “On the Dentition and Mode of Copulation of the 
Elephants ’’ (Lancet, 1854, p. 198), I believe that I was the first to 
point out the mode of copulation of these animals. The female 
places her head upon the ground, elevates her haunches, and thus 
the act of copulation is affected. I am not acquainted with any 
other quadrupeds in which the females assume the position I have 
described in the Elephants and Camels, including the Llamas. 
One great source of difficulty in this investigation has been the 
confusion that has arisen respecting the names of the two species of 
Camel, Dromedary and Camel being applied to both by different 
authorities. It would be well, I think, if the term Dromedary were 
abandoned, and the names One- or Two-humped Camel used in its 
lace. 
3 Daubenton, in Buffon’s ‘ Histoire Naturelle,’ 1744, vol. xi. p. 255, 
has given a long description of the anatomy of the Camel, with a 
number of measurements of the bones and of various parts. He 
represents the stomach as consisting of five compartments; and he 
gives the length of the alimentary canal, exclusive of the caecum, as 
‘eighty French feet. He says that the two races (Camel and Dro- 
medary) mix, and that their progeny is the most vigorous. 
Sir E. Home (Phil. Trans., 1806) describes the stomach of a 
Camel that was killed at the London College of Surgeons, 1805. 
‘*« The animal was supplied with a large quantity of water before death, 
and this fluid was found in a pure state in the water-bags; these 
cavities, moreover, contained none of the food.” 
In the first volume of our ‘ Proceedings,’ part 2, 1832, p. 126, Mr. 
Spooner gives some notes on the Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius, 
Linn. )—the animal I have before spoken of that died of dropsy. 
“In the structure of the stomach he found nothing to add to the 
accounts already given by Daubenton and Sir E. Home. He stated, 
however, that the cells of the first stomach contained food, and, like 
* The Elephant, as I am informed by the keeper, will sometimes in hot 
weather drink twenty pailfuls of water daily, although the capacity of its 
stomach is only about one-third that of the Camel. 
