1865. | ANATOMY OF THE BACTRIAN CAMEL. 259 
John Hunter, he had some doubt as to the correctness of the sup- 
posed water-holding function of these cells.’ Prof. Owen remarked 
“that he had found food in the water-cells of Llamas; but he 
thought it probable that this had been forced into them by moving 
the animals after death.” 
In the Hunterian Museum (556 to 559) are preparations of the 
water-cells of the Llama and Camel, with a description by Professor 
Owen. 
Cuvier (‘ Legons d’Anatomie Comparée,’ 1836, tom. iv. p. 72) 
gives a very short account of the stomach of the Camel, which he 
describes as having four cavities. The total length of the intestinal 
tube in the Dromedary (one-humped) is given as 38°456, the pro- 
portion to the body being 1:15°5. In the Camel, the total length 
of the intestinal canal is 42°213, the proportion to the length of the 
body being 1 : 12°3 (Table, p. 193). 
Iam not acquainted with any recent writer who has given a mi- 
nute account of the visceral anatomy of the Camel. 
The Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) (two-humped), a part 
of which I have lately dissected, was an old male that had been long 
in a travelling menagerie, and was killed in consequence of old age, 
disease, and emaciation. 
I had not an opportunity of examining the brain; but judging 
from the cast of one in the Hunterian Museum, from which the 
drawing before the Society was taken, the weight is about 24 ozs., 
a proportion of about 4, or <4, to the body—a small brain for an 
animal possessing so great an amount of docility and intelligence. 
The brain of an Indian Elephant that I weighed was about 12 lbs. in 
weight. 
The eye weighs 1 oz. 148 grs.; the lens 58grs. There is a pecu- 
liarity connected with the eye of the Camel and Dromedary that I 
have not seen noticed by any writer on these animals, although it 
can scarcely have escaped observation. If the eyes of the three 
animals I have spoken of in the Society’s collection are inspected, 
it will be seen that pigmentary masses are suspended from the 
pupil and pass into the anterior chamber, so as to form a kind of cur- 
tain to regulate the admission of light—a beautiful provision in an 
animal so exposed to the sun’s rays. In one of the Camels a loop of 
pigmentary membrane is seen in the anterior chamber of both eyes. 
Unfortunately I omitted to examine this part after death in the 
Camel I dissected. 
The tongue is long, narrower in the centre, and more expanded at 
the base and extremity ; the buccal villi long and numerous. The 
larynx presents no remarkable peculiarity, except that the anterior 
part of the thyroid cartilage is less prominent than in most of the 
ruminants. 
The trachea is of nearly uniform calibre ; it consists of seventy-five 
rings, and is 3 feet 11 inches in length. 
The thyroid glands are of an oblong shape, and entirely separate. 
They weigh about one ounce and a half. 
The heart weighs 6 lbs. 4 ozs. ; it measures 11 inches from the 
