SAAN 
262 DR. E. CRISP ON THE [ Mar. 14, 
stomach of the Dolphin or Porpoise. These ridges evidently in- 
crease and decrease in size, according to the activity of the digestive 
process ; and this explains the highly tortuous condition of the ar- 
teries. This cavity is shut off from the next, which I call the fifth 
stomach, by a strong muscular valve. The last-named stomach is 
thin and dilated, and terminates in the duodenum, although the great 
contraction at this part can scarcely be called valvular. Daubenton, 
who gives five stomachs to the Camel, has not included the last 
cavity ; but I think it is entitled to be called a fifth stomach ; indeed, 
if we reckon the two sets of water-bags in the rumen, the Camel 
may be said to have seven stomachs. 
No one can form a proper notion of the immense size of the 
Camel’s stomach unless it is seen distended: when in this state, the fol- 
lowing are the measurements and the capacity of the various parts :— 
The length of the cesophagus 6 feet ; of the rumen 43 inches, its 
circumference 5 feet 6 inches, and it holds twenty gallons of water. 
The length of the second stomach is 21 inches, and its capacity 
about six quarts. The third stomach is 34 inches in length, and 
holds about three gallons of water. The fourth stomach is 8 inches 
in length, and contains three quarts of water. The fifth cavity is 
9 inches long, and holds about two quarts of water. The capacity 
of all is about twenty-five gallons three quarts; and the length of 
all, when distended, is 9 feet 6 inches. As regards the quantity of 
water that these cavities hold I, of course, cannot speak with perfect 
accuracy. 
The muscular bands and the mode of closure of the water-bags 
have been so often described that I need not allude to them; but 
there is one piece of mechanism in convexion with this apparatus 
that I think has been overlooked, viz. the arrangement of the ex- 
ternal muscular fibres of the rumen. Many of these wide muscular 
strips terminate in finger-like divisions, which are so spread out as 
to exercise, I believe, a material influence on the closure of the water- 
cavities. 
I supposed until recently that only the Camelide had water-cavi- 
ties in the stomachs ; but on dissecting an Antelope from Siberia, the 
Saiga (Antilope saiga), I was surprised to find two large water-bags 
in the rumen; and I hope to bring the visceral anatomy of this rare 
animal before the Society at a future time. 
The small intestines of the Camel measured 114 feet by 2 feet 6 
inches, the colon and rectum 27 feet 6 inches, making in all a 
length of 159 feet 6 inches. In the Alpaca (duchenia pacos) I 
found the length of the alimentary tube 70 feet, whilst that of the 
Huanaco (Auchenia huanaco) was 95 feet. 
In my paper on some parts of the anatomy of the Giraffe and 
Nylgau (P. Z. S. 1864, p. 63), I stated that the investigation of 
the intestinal glands of the lower animals had been much neglected, 
and that a wide field was left for future inquirers. The dissection 
of this animal reveals another curious structure in connexion with 
the intestinal mucous membrane. Near to the czecal valve I found 
eight large glandular folds of the mucous membrane ; three of these 
