1865. ] MYOLOGY OF HYRAX CAPENSIS. 333 
The scalenus anticus is strong, though small, extending from the 
transverse processes of the 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical vertebrz to 
the first rib. 
A slip of this muscle descends in front of the thorax as far almost 
as the cartilage of the third rib. This is not noticed by Meckel *. 
The scalenus posticus is very long and flattened, proceeding from 
the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs, and being inserted into the transverse 
processes of the 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebree. Meckel t 
gives but one insertion, namely, into the 5th cervical vertebra. 
There is no third scalenus. 
The splenius capitis and splenius colli arise in common from the 
spinous processes of about the 4th, 5th, and 6th dorsal vertebrz, 
and proceed upwards and outwards, the first being inserted into the 
occiput, the second into the transverse process of the atlas, as men- 
tioned by Meckel f. 
The complexus major is large, and separable at its origin into 
several slips. It has origin from the transverse processes of the ver- 
tebre, from the axis to sixth dorsal, and is inserted into the occiput 
internal to the splenius. It is in close apposition, vertically, to its 
fellow of the opposite side (like the leaves of a book), no strongly 
developed ligamentum nuche intervening. 
The complexus minor is smaller, and is found to arise from lowest 
cervical and first two dorsal vertebrze, and to be inserted into the oe- 
ciput between the splenius capitis and complexus major, immediately 
below the former. Like the complewus major, it is separable below 
into several slips ; but these are united by fasciz. 
The complexus tertius arises from the zygapophyses of the two 
first dorsal vertebrae, and continues upwards to the transverse pro- 
cess of the atlas, being attached also to the zygapophyses of the inter- 
vening cervical vertebre. 
This muscle is very distinct, lying between the last and the ¢rans- 
versalis cervicis; yet it has not, as far as we know, received a sepa- 
rate name. Meckel§ describes it as the transversalis cervicis ; but 
this it cannot be, as the fransversalis cervicis is always the continua- 
tion into the neck of the longissimus dorsi, whereas our muscle lies 
distinctly internal to such continuation. Both Quain and Ellis || are 
* Loe. cit. p. 260. t Loe. cit. p. 156. t Loe. cit. p. 140. 
§ Loe. cit. p. 147. He describes the true ¢ransversalis cervicis as the cervicalis 
ascendens. 
| ‘ Demonstrations of Anatomy,’ 5th edition, page 427. The author, in a foot- 
note, says, ‘‘ The anatomy of the prolongation from the longissimus might be sim- 
plified by describing it as the transversalis muscle with a double insertion, like 
the splenius, into the head and neck—* ¢ransversalis capitis,” “ transversalis 
colli.” These muscles, we think, may, however, be better tabulated as follows :- 
Sacro-lumbalis .............00+0« Cervicalis ascendens. 
Longissimus dorsi ............... Transversalis cervicis. 
Complexus tertius. 
Complexus minor. 
Complexus major. 
The transversalis cervicis is the transversalis colli of Ellis. 
The complexus minor is his transversalis capitis, also the trachelo-mastoid of 
many authors. 
