1865.] MYOLOGY OF HYRAX CAPENSIS. 335 
Rhomboideus capitis or occipito-scapular.—From the occiput, 
ligamentum nuchee, and spines of the vertebra *. It narrows as it 
proceeds outwards and backwards, and is inserted into the scapula 
opposite to the base of the spine. At its insertion, this muscle is 
folded, the concavity of the fold being directed backwards (fig.5, R.c.). 
it is the “ rhomboide ‘antérieur”’ of Meckel +. 
The latissimus dorsi is closely connected with the panniculus ear- 
nosus. It arises as usual (that is, taking into consideration the 
great number of dorsal vertebree), and at its insertion bifurcates, 
one slip joiming a part of the similarly bifurcating panniculus car- 
nosus, and being with it attached to the aponeurosis covering the 
biceps; the other part, which is tendinous, unites with the ¢eres 
major and another portion of the panniculus carnosus, and with 
them is inserted into the inner margin of the bicipital groove of the 
humerus. As Meckel remarks {, the vessels and nerves of the arm 
pass out between its two insertions. 
The serratus magnus is a most extensive and powerful muscle, 
which contains inseparably united with it the levator anguli sca- 
pule, as Meckel is also inclined to think §. It arises from the trans- 
verse processes of the cervical vertebrze, from the third to the seventh, 
besides from the first five ribs, and by ten digitations from the ribs 
posterior to these. It is inserted along the whole length of the 
border of the scapula (fig. 5, S.m.). Meckel || remarks its great 
size: itis indeed an excellent example of the way in which the body 
of quadrupeds is, as it were, slung to the scapula by this muscle, as 
was remarked by Cuvier 4. 
The serratus posticus is most remarkably developed: Meckel 
says** that the Hyraz is apparently the mammal in which it is the 
most so. It arises by tendon from the ligamentum nuchz, quite at 
the hinder end of the neck, and from the fascia of the back. It is 
inserted by well-marked digitations (so as truly to merit its name 
serratus) into all the ribs, except the first three. It covers and is 
closely applied to the sacro-lumbalis. 
The sacro-lumbalis is very small and narrow, though long. It 
has the usual origin and insertion, its all but completely aborted 
cervical continuation being the cervicalis ascendens. 
The longissimus dorsi is rather largely developed ; it arises and 
is inserted as usual. Its large and marked cervical prolongation is 
the transversalis cervicis above described. 
The panniculus carnosus appears as an extensive sheet of muscu- 
lar fibres, covering the whole back, the sides, and abdomen. It is 
thinnest towards the median line of the back, but is of considerable 
* The attachments of this muscle differed slightly on the two sides, on the left 
extending as far backwards as the sixth dorsal, but on the right its attachment 
was not so extensive ; and in general appearance it more resembled a levator anguli 
scapula. 
t Loc. cit. p. 241. t Loe. cit. p. 263. 
§ Loc. cit. p. 234. || Loc. cit. p. 246. 
§| Lecgons d’Anat. Comp. vol. i. p. 369. 
** Loc. cit. p. 188. 
