1865. ] AXIAL SKELETON IN THE PRIMATES. 553 
being here more conipletely absent than even in the third and fourth 
cervical vertebree. 
The neural lamine repeat the characters of those of the preceding 
vertebrae, except in Loris and Indris. In the first of these genera 
this vertebra* has the neural lamine more antero-posteriorly ex- 
tended than have the other cervical vertebrae. In the second genus, 
Indris, the opposite condition obtains, the antero-posterior extent of 
the neural laminz of this vertebra being distinctly less than that of 
the other and more anterior ones. 
The transverse process varies much, as to its perforate or imper- 
forate condition ; but I have never seen it perforated in Hylobates, 
Mycetes, Brachyurus, Nyctipithecus, Chrysothrix, Hapale, Lemur, 
Galago, Arctocebus, and Cheiromys. 
Thus we find that in the cervical vertebre the spinous processes 
present their maximum of bifurcation in European Man, where that 
condition generally obtains from the second to the sixth vertebra 
inclusive. In no other genus besides, except Nycticebus, do we meet 
with a distinctly bifureated spine to the third cervical vertebra; but 
a more or less trifid axis exists in Troglodytes, aud a similar struc- 
ture is distinctly marked in Mycetes, and repeated in the third and 
fourth vertebree also (fig. 1). In most species of the order, as also 
Axis and three following cervical vertebree of Mycetes, from the Museum of the 
Royal College of Surgeons. Nat. size. 
at least sometimes in certain races of Man, the cervical spines are 
simple and rather short, generally increasing gradually in length 
from the third to the seventh. Some of the Cedcde (fig. 6) present 
us with a remarkable bending-over in a forward direction of the 
summits of their cervical spines. In Indris they are of a subequal 
height, and somewhat enlarged at the distal end. Some genera, 
e. g. Tarsius, Cheiromys, and Galago (fig. 8), are remarkable for the 
atrophy of these parts ; while others, e. g. Troglodytes+, Simia, Pe- 
* In no. 67a, in the British Museum, the neural laminz of the sixth and 
seventh cervical vertebrx are anchylosed together. 
t In the skeleton of a young 7. niger (no. 22), in the Osteological Collection 
of the British Museum, the spines of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebre are 
completely anchylosed together, though the neurapophyses of the two vertebrae 
are distinct and separate. 
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1865, No. XXXVI. 
