556 MR. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE [June 27, 
In the Hapalide there are 12 or 13 dorsal vertebre. 
In the Lemuride the range is greater, namely, from 12 to 16. 
Thus in Lemur the number is either 12 or 13. 
in Indris it is 12, rarely 13. 
in Galago and Microcebus 13. 
in Loris and Perodieticus 14 or 15. 
in Arctocebus 15. 
in Nycticebus 16. 
in the Tarsiide it is 13 or 14. 
in the Cheiromyide 13. 
The proportion of the dorsal to the other regions of the spinal 
column (exclusive of the caudal) does not imerease regularly with the 
number of dorsal vertebree, not being quite so great even in Loris as 
it is m Man. This region attains its greatest relative length in 
Ateles, where it is over nine-twentieths of the total length of the 
spine, without the tail; and it is least in Indris, where it scarcely 
exceeds six-twentieths of such total length. Nyctipitheeus, even when 
possessing fifteen dorsal vertebrze, has a relatively shorter dorsal re- 
gion than exists in Homo, Trogledytes, or Simia. 
Neural Spines.—The more anterior are always the narrowest (2. e. 
least antero-posteriorly extended), and are generally more perpendi- 
cular and Jess overlapping than in Man. 
The increase in antero-posterior extent, as we proceed from before 
backwards along the dorsal series of vertebrze, is already greater in 
the Simiine than in the Hominide, and becomes still more so in the 
lower forms. R 
The summits of the dorsal spines are sometimes expanded and 
flattened, as in Cynocephalus, Macacus, Simia, and Troglodytes, espe- 
cially the Gorilla, the last four in which sometimes almost bifurcate ; 
on the other hand, they are sometimes very antero-posteriorly ex- 
tended near the apex, almost bifurcating in that direction in some*. 
The inclination of the majority of the dorsal spines is always back- 
wards. They are all so inclined in some of the lower races of Man, 
in the Simiine and Nycticebine, as also almost invariably in Ateles. 
In the higher races of Man the spines of the eleventh and twelfth 
dorsal vertebree are nearly at right angles to the long axis of the spine. 
In Indris the spines are very little inclined, but the twelfth some- 
times bends slightly forwards. In all the other forms the last dorsal 
spines are decidedly inclined. anteriorly, the twelfth being always so, 
and sometimes in Hapale even the tenth. 
The neural laminz possess very similar proportions throughout 
the Anthropoidea. In Lemur they very little exceed those of the 
cervical vertebrze in length (7. e. in antero-posterior extent), only as 
six to five, and in Indris are actually (and for the first time) shorter, 
being as three to four. The opposite extreme is found in Loris, where 
the dorsal neural lamine are double the length of those of the cer- 
vical vertebrae, except the seventh. 
* This character is very marked in a skeleton of C. albogularis (no. 17) in 
the British Museum ; and to a less degree in another individual of the same spe- 
cies (no. 17 #), also in the British Museum. 
