1865.] AXIAL SKELETON IN THE PRIMATES. 559 
projecting spine of the vertebra next behind. Rudiments of these 
processes exist in the posterior dorsal vertebree, as has been mentioned. 
In Mycetes (which has some of the cervical spines trifid) these extra 
Last two dorsal and first two lumbar vertebra of Mycetes, from the Museum of 
the Royal College of Surgeons. Nat. size. h. Hyperapophysis. 
_ processes are also developed in certain of the lumbar vertebrze, as also 
in Lagothriz (fig.11,h), and sometimes in Hapale* and Chrysothrizx. 
The neural laminz are much less relatively extended, in the antero- 
posterior direction, in Man, the Simiine, and Ateles than they are in 
the other Anthropoidea. In Lemur their length is not so prepon- 
derating, because of the elongation of the cervical neurapophyses. 
In Indris they are exceptional, inasmuch as they are scarcely, if at 
all, longer than are the neural lamin of the cervical vertebree of that 
genus ; as is always the case, however, they are longer than the dorsal 
neurapophyses. 
The Transverse Processes.—These processes always project out- 
wards, more or less at right angles to the long axis of the spine, or 
else forwardst. In Man, the Simiine, and Ateles they are never 
inclined ventrally ; but in some of the lower Simiide they begin to 
be so; in the lower Cedide, in Hlapale, and Lemur they are so very 
decidedly. In the Nycticeéine and Indris they are nearly horizontal; 
but only in Man, Troglodytest, and Simia do they incline somewhat 
upwards. 
They spring from a higher point, with regard to the centrum, in 
Man than in any other Primate; Troglodytes in this respect ap- 
proaches him the most, and then Simia,—Hylobates, in spite of the 
relative length of the legs to the spine, being much less like Man in 
this respect ; and the same must be said of the long-legged Indris. 
* Asin H. midas (no. 1889 a in the Osteological Collection of the British 
Museum) and H. edipus (no. 53 a in the same collection). 
t In those cases where they project strongly backwards, a rib is anchylosed 
and included, as in the skeleton of a Chimpanzee in the Museum of the Royal 
College of Surgeons, obtained from M. du Chaillu, and in skeletons of Mycetes 
seniculus and of Semnopithecus nasalis in the British Museum. 
¢ In a specimen of 7 niger (nos. 2c, 4, 6, 10, 33, 11) in the British Museum 
the first lumbar vertebra has a distinctly double, though very small, transverse 
process on each side. 
