562 MR. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE [June 27, 
The metapophyses are generally more developed and more distinct 
than in Man; but in Simia, Indris, and most of the Nycticebine 
they are very inconspicuous. 
Except in Man, the sacrum generally bears at its posterior end the 
lateral diverging processes (termed diapophyses* by Prof. Owen) : 
they are very slightly marked in Hylobates and the Nycticebine ; 
but in most of the genera they are strongly so, especially in Cyno- 
cephalus and Ateles. It appears to me not improbable that these 
processes may include, if they do not even represent, anapophyses. 
The neural lamine of the sacral vertebree always form complete 
neural arches, except in the Hominide and Simiine, in which that 
of the last sacral is very often incomplete, and sometimes even those 
of the last two sacral vertebree. 
CauDAL VERTEBR. 
In the great majority of species of the order these vertebrze are 
numerous. Only in Homo, Inuus, and the Simiine is the number 
ever reduced to 3+ or even to 4. In some of these, however, there 
are sometimes 5, and very rarely even 6{, caudal vertebre. 
Then follow the Nycticebine, Loris, and Nycticebus, having some- 
times as few as 5 or 6 caudal vertebra, though the latter has some- 
times as many as 7 or 8, which is about the number possessed by the 
very short-tailed Cynocephali, although, according to Cuvier§, the 
Mandril has sometimes only 5. Then comes Indris, which has from 
9 to 14||, closely followed by the short-tailed Macaques and American 
Brachyuri—e. g. in Macacus rhesus 15, in M. nemestrinus and in 
Brachyurus 17—the shortness of the tail being occasioned rather by 
a diminution in size of the component vertebrz than by a decrease 
in their number. 
In all the other forms the number ranges between 20 and 33, but 
sometimes with much variation in the same genus, as in Hapale 25 
to 31, as also in Semnopithecus, this being the highest number in 
any of the Simiid@ ; the greatest number in the whole order is found 
in Afeles, namely 33. Amongst the Lemuroidea such high num- 
bers are not attained, Lemur having 29 at most, while Galago and 
Cheiromys have about 22 or 23. 
The proportion borne by this region of the spine to all the more 
anterior part is greatest in Ateles, almost 3 to 1; in the other longest- 
tailed genera it is rarely so large as 2 to 1. 
The absolute length of the tail is greatest in Semnopithecus and 
Colobus, in which genera the individual vertebrz attain their greatest 
length, namely, sometimes as much as 1°9 inch. 
* Fg. in Trans. Zool. Soe. vol. iv. p. 107. 
+ De Blainville says of Znuus, “ deux coccygiennes” (Ostéog. Primates, p. 39). 
The only case in which I have met with but two distinct caudal vertebrae is Jnwus, 
no. 32d in British Museum; and there the second is evidently composed of two 
anchylosed together. 
+ See skeleton of Troglodytes niger in British Museum (nos. 2 h, 48, 11, 20, 5). 
§ Lecons d’Anat. Comp. vol. i. p. 178. 
|| In the skeleton in the British Museum there are fourteen caudal vertebrix. 
