564 MR. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE [June 27, 
backwardly ; but in the middle and posterior parts of the caudal re- 
gion we find, in nearly all long-tailed forms, two nearly equal-sized 
transverse processes on each side, one projecting from the anterior 
part, and the other from the posterior part of each side of each cen- 
trum. 
It would be well if we could certainly determine to what parts of 
the dorsal and lumbar vertebrze these caudal processes correspond. 
If we were to examine the skeleton of Lemur only, we might con- 
sider that each posterior caudal transverse process corresponds with 
the peculiar posterior lumbar transverse process existing in that 
genus, and therefore also, as already indicated, with that part in each 
dorsal vertebra which articulates with the anterior part of the head 
of each rib. 
On the other hand, a consideration of such forms as Pithecia* and 
Brachyurus+ shows how, in many cases at least, the anapophysis, 
which is distinct in the penultimate lumbar vertebra, comes in the 
ultimate one to unite again with the true transverse process, and to 
form the posterior part of its proximal portion, so that we might re- 
gard the anterior part of each divided caudal transverse process as 
answering to the true normal lumbar transverse process, and the 
posterior part of each divided caudal transverse process as answering 
to the lumbar anapophysis, here once more reappearing as a distinct 
element. Nor would this view be irreconcileable with the interpreta- 
tion derived from Lemur, as in that genus the peculiar extra lumbar 
transverse process appears to coalesce with the anapophysis, so that 
we might consider the posterior caudal transverse process equivalent 
both to the anapophysis and to the Lemurine extra process at one 
and the same time. 
The interpretation of the anterior caudal transverse process as the 
serial homologue of the true lumbar transverse process, and of the 
posterior caudal transverse process as an anapophysis is rather 
strengthened by the examination of the skeleton of Hydromys chry- 
sogastert, in which the transverse processes of the anterior caudal 
vertebre are quite similar in form, size, and direction to the more 
posterior lumbar transverse processes, with which evidently they are 
completely homologous (no anapophysis existing in either§) ; while 
the middle and posterior caudal vertebre have the transverse process 
much enlarged antero-posteriorly, the added and backwardly project- 
ing part apparently representing the anapophysis of the middle trunk 
vertebrae. Again in the Pangolin||, where anapophyses are entirely 
absent in the vertebrze of the trunk, the caudal vertebrae are simple 
and undivided, not projecting backwardly or developing any part an- 
swering to the posterior caudal transverse process found in long- 
tailed Primates. I am disposed therefore to regard the anterior 
* See skeleton in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. 
t See skeleton in the British Museum (no. 806 6). 
{ See skeleton (no. 2243) in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. 
§ Owen remarks, ‘‘ The anapophysis is obliterated in the last four lumbar ver- 
tebrie ” (Osteological Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 401). 
| See skeleton (no. 2863 4) in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. 
