566 MR. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE [June 27, 
three or four caudal vertebrae stand strongly out, but in A¢eles those 
of all the first six do so. 
Chrysothriz is an exception, and differs from all other long-tailed 
genera in that the caudal transverse processes do not divide into two 
separate parts, but, remaining united, form an elongated plate-like 
process on each side of each vertebra almost throughout the caudal 
region, giving a quite peculiar aspect to the skeleton of the tail in 
that genus. 
Caudal heemapophyses and hypapophyses (that is, ‘‘ chevron” or 
«“Y-shaped” bones, or their rudiments, and processes for the attach- 
ment of such) are quite wanting in Man, the Simine, Inuus, the 
Nycticebine, and Indris. They are more or less developed in all 
the other forms, attaining, as might be expected, their maximum in 
A teles, where they present almost every variety of development in 
one or other part of the caudal region. At the root of the tail they 
are represented by long and completely detached Y-shaped bones, 
the two branches of the Y being attached to two scarcely perceptible 
processes (hypapophyses) developed from the anterior end of each 
centrum ; these processes become more and more developed as we 
proceed backwards, the Y-shaped bones, however, continuing to be 
distinct till about the eighth or ninth caudal vertebra, where they 
are completely anchylosed to the vertebral processes. At about the 
tenth vertebra, and thence backwards, the processes are still com- 
pletely anchylosed. They are, however, no longer Y-shaped*, but 
bifurcating and open inferiorly. The processes in question are, in 
this genus, the longest of any which arise from the posterior caudal 
vertebrze, and they continue to be developed throughout the series. 
In the Semnopithecine, Cynopithecine, and Cebide, except Ateles 
and perhaps Lagothriz, these processes are less developed. In the 
Simiide, they appear to be most so in the genus Macacus. They 
exist throughout Cynocephalus, there being, even in the Mandril, 
bifurcated inferior processes in the mid-caudal region. 
Very often in both Anthropoidea and Lemuroidea these parts 
exist in the form of pairs of little bones moveably articulated to the 
bodies of the vertebrze, and quite disunited in the middle line. 
STERNUM. 
In most genera of the order, the sternum in the adult consists of a 
more or less enlarged manubrium, followed by a chain of subequal 
and antero-posteriorly elongated bones from three to six in number. 
In Man and some of the Simiine alone do we find a sternum in 
the adult consisting of a manubrium followed by one bone only, such 
being the case in the Siamang, the Lar, variegated and perhaps other 
Gibbons. 
In Man and the Simiine the sternum is broader, in proportion to 
its length, than in any other form ; and this relative breadth attains its 
maximum not in Man, but in the Siamang (Hylobates syndactylus). 
* Sometimes, however, Y-shaped bones reappear posterior to open and bifur- 
cating hypapophyses. 
