1865.] AXIAL SKELETON IN THE PRIMATES. 575 
In the Sumatran Rhinoceros*, however, they are pretty equally 
divided. 
A similar prolongation forwards of the cervical metapophyses takes 
place in the Oxf. 
In Ursust I have found the cervical metapopliyses very strongly 
marked, and entirely confined to their normal position beneath the 
anterior zygapophyses. 
In the Megatherium§ they are situated rather behind the anterior 
zygapophyses of the cervical vertebre. 
ANAPOPHYSES. 
These processes are also, in the main, lumbar processes. In Man 
they are generally confined to the first two lumbar and last dorsal 
vertebree, though they are sometimes distinct at the eleventh dorsal 
and rarely even on the fifth lumbar. In all cases, however, they 
are very feebly developed, as is the case also in the Simiine. 
In Troglodytes and Simia they are distinct from the eleventh dorsal 
to the second lumbar, but less marked in the lumbar than even in 
the dorsal region, especially in Simia. 
In Hylobates there is much variation; but generally they are 
pretty distinct from about the tenth to the fifteenth trunk-vertebra, 
sometimes, however, as early as the third dorsal. 
In all the rest of the order (except some of the Nycticebine) they 
are much more developed, forming long processes in the lumbar re- 
gion, each process projecting backwards outside and beneath the an- 
terior zygapophysis of the vertebra next behind. 
In the Semnopithecine and Cynopithecine they are generally di- 
stinct processes as early as the eighth dorsal vertebra, and continue 
such to the penultimate lumbar; in the Cebid@ they are generally 
distinct at about the ninth or tenth, but in Nyctipithecus not quite 
so till the fourteenth dorsal vertebra. 
In A¢eles they are shorter than in Lagothriz and the other Ce- 
bide, and disappear at the fourth lumbar. 
In Lemur they become marked at about the eleventh dorsal ver- 
tebra; in Indris at the twelfth. 
In the Nycticebine they are not distinct till we come quite to the 
end of the dorsal region, and, except in Perodicticus, they are little 
marked even in the lumbar vertebre. 
In Tarsius they are inconspicuous throughout the whole of the 
trunk-vertebree. 
The anapophyses appear to attain their maximum of relative size 
in the lower Cebide. 
Generally, in the last lumbar vertebra, the process in question ap- 
pears to coalesce with the base of the true transverse process ; and 
if we may consider the terminal lateral processes of the sacrum the 
* No. 2933 in the same collection. 
Tt No. 3825 in the same collection. 
¢ A skeleton in my own collection. 
§ See Professor Owen’s memoir on the Megatherium, ‘ Phil. Trans,’ 1855, 
vol. exly. p. 375, and pl. 20. fig. 5. 
