57 MR. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE [June 27, 
single. backwardly projecting transverse processes of the first few 
caudal vertebrae, and the hinder part of each divided transverse pro- 
cess of the more posterior caudal vertebre as serially homologous 
with the lumbar anapophyses, then this process continues to be de- 
veloped almost to the posterior extremity of the spinal column. 
The extent to which the anapophysis may be traced forwards varies 
much. In some Gibbons it can be plainly distinguished on the 
transverse process of the third dorsal vertebra. It can often, in the 
Simiade, be traced to the first dorsal; but in Cynocephalus* it 
sometimes appears as a minute projection on the dorsum of the outer 
end of each of the upper or diapophysial transverse processes of the 
four posterior cervical vertebree. 
I am not aware that the serial homologues of the lumbar anapo- 
physes have before been noticed in the cervical region; but I have 
no doubt that they do exist in many forms, and that they may even 
be represented in Man himself by the backwardly projecting extre- 
mities of the upper part of each bifurcated transverse process. 
In Ateles+ these processes are distinctly traceable in the cervical 
region (fig. 6) as tubercles backwardly projecting from the distal ends 
of the upper (diapophysial) transverse processes of the fifth, sixth, 
and seventh cervical vertebree. 
In many individuals of different speciest, in which the dorsal ana- 
pophyses are well marked ; by following these latter forwards it be- 
comes pretty evident that the more or less backwardly projecting 
extremity of the upper portion of the cervical transverse process is 
in series with these dorsal anapophyses, and therefore that these pro- 
cesses do in fact sometimes extend almost from one end of the ver- 
tebral column nearly to the other—that is, of course, if the interpre- 
tation previously suggested for the caudal transverse processes be 
correct. 
HyPrreRAPOPHYSES. 
A more or less trifid neural spine, as has been said, exists in the 
axis vertebra of T'roglodytes and some others. In Mycetes (fig. 1) 
the same vertebra has a distinctly trifid spine; and this charactcr is 
repeated in the two or three following vertebree. 
. . 
In Mycetes also, as has likewise been mentioned, lateral backwardly 
projecting processes spring from the neural arch in the lumbar ver- 
* EF. g. in no. 4719 in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. 
+ No. 4695 in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. 
This, I think, is plainly to be observed in the following skeletons preserved 
in the British Museum :—In an Orang (nos. 3B, 45, 10, 2, 8), where the back- 
wardly projecting point of the seventh cervical vertebra appears to continue for- 
wards the dorsal anapophyses. The same may be said of two specimens of 
Colobus (no. 138716 and no. 1180). In Cercopithecus albogularis (no. 176), 
where the anapophyses of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh dorsal vertebra bifur- 
cate, these processes are plainly visible throughout the dorsal series; and the 
points of the cervical transverse processes are, I think, evidently their serial ho- 
mologues. Perhaps this is even more marked in another individual of the same 
species (no. 17%). The same thing is plainly visible in a young Cynocephalus 
babouin (no. 86c), in Macacus rhesus (no. 30g) to the fifth and sixth cervical 
vertebree ; and in Jruus (no. 32d) it is distinctly traceable to the seventh. 
