582 MR. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE [June 27, 
HYLoBATES. 
Dorsal and free lumbar vertebree, taken together, generally eighteen 
in number; ribs twelve to fourteen pairs; last lumbar vertebra always 
anchylosed to sacrum ; sometimes as many as six lumbar vertebree ; 
spines of cervical vertebre neither elongated nor bifureating ; ana- 
pophyses generally more developed than in the higher forms. 
This genus presents us, in the Siamang (H. syndactylus), with the 
broadest and relatively shortest sternum to be found in the whole 
order. 
Nearly all the rest of the Primates—that is to say, all the Sim1ip x 
(except the Simiine), all the Cesrp, Hapatip#, and LemurorpeEa, 
with a few exceptions, present the following common characters :— 
Dorsal and lumbar vertebre, taken together, almost always exceed 
eighteen in number ; the vertebral artery perforates the neural arch 
of the atlas*; metapophyses and anapophyses generally very con- 
spicuous ; caudal vertebrae generally numerous, and always one at 
least has a complete neural arch; spines of last dorsal and of lumbar 
vertebree forwardly directed (except the Nycticebine and Ateles) ; 
lumbar transverse processes often inclined downwards; sacrum not 
tapering gradually (except Indris and the Nycticebine), and very 
rarely consisting of as many as four vertebrae. Except in a very few, 
the caudal vertebree increase in length after the first two or three. 
Caudal vertebrze with well-marked transverse processes, generally di- 
vided ; hypapophyses present in caudal region, except in Inuus, In- 
dris, and the Nycticebine ; sternum elongated, and always with three 
or more bones, in the adult, between the manubrium and xiphoid 
cartilage ; thorax deeper and less broad relatively than in the two 
first families ; fourth, fifth, aud sixth cervical spines never bifurca- 
ting, and (except in Perodicticus and Arctocebus) never very elon- 
gated. 
Characters presented by all the Simi1p%, except the SIMIIN&. 
Dorsal vertebree from 11 to 13; lumbar vertebrze 6 or 7; together 
generally 19, rarely 18 or 20 in number ; generally 2, rarely 3, very 
rarely 4 sacral vertebree; neural spines begin to incline forwards at 
the eleventh or twelfth dorsal vertebraT ; the metapophysis interrupts 
the dorsal vertebral groove by mounting on the anterior zygapophysis 
at the tenth or eleventh dorsal vertebra ; anapophysis distinct, at the 
latest, at the ninth, and long at the eleventh dorsal vertebra; only 
one or two true sacral vertebree articulate with the ilium; caudal 
vertebree begin to increase in length at the second or the third caudal 
vertebrat. Neural spine of third cervical vertebra short and simple §; 
* Not so in Semnopithecus nasalis (no. 6c) in the British Museum. 
+ At the thirteenth in C. porcarius (no. 35d) in the British Museum. 
{ This, of course, is not the case in Znwus; and there are exceptions, as the 
Macacus nemestrinus and M. speciosus in the British Museum, already mentioned, 
§ This process very rarely exhibits an incipient bifurcation, as in Colobus vel- 
lerosus (no. 1391) in the British Museum, and in Cynocephalus sphinx (no. 34c) 
in the same collection. 
