584 MR. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE [June 27, 
undivided ; no hypapophyses ; caudal vertebree flat and broad, each 
successive vertebra being less than its predecessor in all dimensions, 
like those of the coccyx of the Simiine. In the allied Japanese form, 
Macacus speciosus*, there are ten caudal vertebrze ; the third caudal 
is scarcely, if at all, longer than the second ; but the fourth is longer 
than the third caudal vertebra; there are slight hypapophyses and 
chevron bones. 
CyNOCEPHALUS. 
Transverse process of axis and that of third cervical vertebra some- 
times bifureating ; dorsal and lumbar vertebre, taken together, some- 
times only eighteen in number; sometimes as many as four sacral 
vertebree ; sacro-vertebral angle often strongly marked, as also the 
antero-posterior concavity of sacrum; relative breadth of sacrum at 
its maximum; hypapophyses present; anterior margin of manu- 
brium much thickened; atlas vertebra occasionally developing a 
short neural spine. In some at least there appears} to be a de- 
cided return towards the sigmoid curve of the spinal column existing 
in Man. 
The American Anthropoidea have but very few characters in com- 
mon tending to distinguish them from the Old-World forms. 
CEBIDz. 
Three first caudal vertebree quite short, the increase in length not 
taking place till the fourth ; dorsal vertebree from twelve t to fifteen 
in number ; twelfth dorsal spine turned forwards (except in Afeles); 
spines of the third and fourth cervical vertebree often curving over in 
a forward direction ; spine and transverse process of third cervical 
not bifurcating ; spine of the seventh cervical § the longest, or equal 
to the longest of the cervical spines ; lumbar spinous processes (ex- 
cept in Ateles) very long, and curving over in a forward direction in 
a very marked manner; generally two, rarely three, very rarely four, 
sacral vertebree ; only one or two sacral vertebree articulate with the 
ilium (except sometimes in <A¢eles) ; sacro-vertebral angle almost 
always obsolete; transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae (except in 
Ateles) inclined strongly downwards and forwards. 
ATELES. 
This genus-presents many exceptional characters in its vertebral 
structure. 
Neural lamin rather long; marked cervical metapophyses 
(fig. 6, m); dorsal region at its maximum of relative length in the 
* No. 1083 a in the British Museum. 
+ Ze. as far as can be judged from skeletons only. 
t In Callithrix personatus (no. 51d), in the British Museum, there are but 
eleven dorsal vertebrae. 
§ Wagner says that the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra is 
never perforated in any of the American Primates, Man of course excepted. See 
‘Beitr. zur Kennt. der Wirbelthiere Amerika’s, osteolog. Beitr. zur Kenntniss 
der amerikanischen Affen,’ p. 457. 
