92 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 
(5) The dog salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), is known also as 
calico salmon, and, by the Russians, as Aayko,; in Japan, where it is 
especially abundant, it is called sak¢; to the trade it is known as chum. 
Next to the chinook, the dog salmon is the largest of the five species, 
reaching a weight of 16 pounds. The average of many examples 
weighed at Kell Bay was 8.28 pounds. It is a plump, silvery fish 
when fresh from the sea, and at that time closely resembles the silver 
salmon. Later the dark of the back tends to form vertical bars on the 
sides, and in the breeding season the body becomes largely dirty black, 
obscurely barred with dirty red, and the jaws become greatly elon- 
gated and distorted. The species enters all sorts of rivers and small 
streams late in the fall, but does notascend them to any great distance 
from the sea. It is very abundant in southeast Alaska, and can be 
taken in almost any stream from the Columbia to the rivers of northern 
Japan. 
The flesh of the dog salmon is very pale, with little of the salmon 
flavor and none of its color. When fresh in the spring and early 
summer, it is well flavored and wholesome, but when canned it is dirty 
white, soft and mushy, and with a strong muddy taste. As the spawn- 
ing time approaches the flesh becomes still more pale and mushy. It 
is then wholly unfit for canning and there is little market for it. 
This salmon takes salt well. In Japan, where it is the largest and 
most abundant salmon, great quantities are salted, and it is in Japan 
that a market is found for the considerable quantities salted in Alaska. 
When taken in the spring, frozen fresh, and sent in cold storage to the 
East and to Germany, it sells readily. 
The relative food values of the five different species of Pacific salmon 
when canned may be roughly expressed by the five digits, thus: chi- 
nook, 5; red salmon, 4; coho, 3; humpback, 2, and dog salmon, 1. 
The coho might be placed at 3.5, or even a little closer to the red. 
The canned product has at the present time approximately these 
relative values, but the aggregate value of the red salmon now exceeds 
that of the chinook. 
Besides the five species of salmon, five species of trout are found in 
Alaska. These are the steelhead, Dolly Varden, cutthroat, rainbow, 
and Great Lakes trout. 
Commercially, the steelhead (Salmo gairdner?) is the most important 
of the trouts, but it is not abundant anywhere, though frequently taken 
in southeast Alaska about the mouths of the larger streams, which it 
enters for the purpose of spawning. It is a fine large fish, reaching a 
weight of 10 to 35 pounds, and may be distinguished from any species 
of salmon by its smaller anal fin, its numerous -black spots, and its short 
head. Asa fresh fish it is excellent for food, and when frozen finds 
aready market in the East. It is sometimes salted, but is not much 
used for canning in Alaska, chiefly because it is not obtainable in large 
