COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 495 
quill and thinking it a minnow, snap at it, and are thus caught on the 
hook. It is more probable, however, that when the fish have come up 
close to the light, the fishermen jerk the line up suddenly, catching the 
hook in the body of the fish, which may then be drawn quickly and 
easily into the boat. 
Mr. Henry Williams, of Lahaina, purchased a gasoline launch in 
1902 for use in line fishing, and also to cruise around among the 
fishing boats and buy their catches whenever possible, running into 
Lahaina to sell to the dealers at the markets. The boat was laid up 
about the middle of 1903 and has not been used in the fisheries since. 
The irrigation dams and ditches on Maui contain many carp and 
gold-fish, but no commercial use is made of them as yet, although 
large numbers are taken for home use by the Japanese and Chinese 
employed on the plantations. 
The streams of the island are few in number and are practically 
nothing but mountain rills. They contain gold-fish, o6pu, uwau, and 
opae in large numbers, and while many of these are caught by the 
natives for home use, but few are sold. 
Frogs are said to be quite numerous in the pools and taro patches of 
Wailuku and Makawao, having been introduced a few years ago, but 
no commercial use is made of them as yet. 
The fisheries of the island have not varied much during the last 
three years. In 1900 there were 297 persons employed, while in 1903 
there were 279, a decrease of 18. The principal change in the fisher- 
men has been with the Japanese, who increased from 37 in 1900 to 80 
in 1903, while during the same period the number of Hawaiians 
engaged decreased 63. There were 25 Gilbert Islanders (South Sea 
Isianders) engaged in the fisheries, but they left the islands in Octo- 
ber, 19038. 
The total investment in the fisheries was $18,511, an increase of $3,340 
over 1900. This increase is accounted for largely by the cleaning out 
and putting to use of an old fish pond at Kahului. 
The total yield of the fisheries was 1,212,445 pounds, which sold for 
$120,267. Lines are the most successful form of apparatus in use. 
Bag nets are second, and these are followed in the order named by 
seines, gill nets, baskets, spears, cast nets, and scoop and dip nets. 
Quite a number of native women and children also engaged in fishing 
with the hands alone. The principal species taken in the fisheries 
are akule, opélu, nehu, ulua, ofo, aku, amaama, kawakawa, and tku. 
