5388 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 
raisers also convene to determine the price that shall be asked for carp. 
It is stated that from 200,000 to 300,000 fish are sold at Cottbus in a 
season, representing an aggregate weight of 800,000 to 1,000,000 
pounds. After being weighed the fish are transferred to perforated 
boats—what we would call live-cars—and are transported down the 
canals and rivers to the large cities, where they are to be consumed. 
This is a slow and laborious journey, the cars cften having to be car- 
ried over shallow places on rollers, and a week is required to get the 
fish to Berlin, while to reach Hamburg and Madgeburg takes four or 
five weeks. This is in striking contrast to our method of packing the 
fish in ice and shipping them 500 miles or more to market in a couple 
of days. The German method has the advantage of getting them there 
alive. 
Just when and whence the carp came into England is not known. 
It is generally conceded to have reached there, however, between 1051, 
when it was not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxen Dictionary of Ailfric, 
and 1486, the date of first publication of the ‘‘ Boke of St. Albans,” 
where it is spoken of as ‘‘a deyntous fysshe: but there ben but 
fewe in Englonde” (see p. 529). Linnzus puts the date of intro- 
duction into England as 1600, and it is sometimes attributed to Mas- 
eall@ in 1514; but probably he is responsible only for the extension of 
the range into Sussex (Day, 1880-1884, p. 163). In the privy purse 
expenses of King Henry VIII, in 1532, various entries are made of 
rewards to persons for bringing ‘“‘carpes to the king” (Yarrell, 1836, 
vol. i, p. 306, from Pickering’s edition of Walton, p. 207, note). All 
recent writers agree that the oft-quoted ‘‘doggerel lines of— 
‘Turkies, carp, hop, pickerel, and beer 
Came into England all in one year’ 
may be considered interesting as verses, but not faithful representa- 
tions of facts.” 
Day (1880-1884, p. 163) gives the date of the introduction of carp 
into Sweden as 1560? and into Denmark as 1660; but de Broca (1876, 
p. 279, footnote) says they were taken to Denmark more than a hun- 
dred years earlier, in 1550, by Pierre Oxe. Malmgren (1883), in an 
address to the bureau of agriculture of the imperial senate of Finland, 
advises against any attempt to raise carp in that country, as he thinks 
that on account of the climatic conditions it would not pay. They 
were introduced into Finland in 1861, when Chamberlain Baron y. 
Linder placed some in the ponds of his estate of Svarta, but they are 
said to have died out after a few-years. Some attempts were made 
prior to 1861, but they were all failures. Malmgren says that Hol- 
stein and Courland are the most northerly countries where carp culture 
aSometimes written ‘‘ Marshall.” 
vIn his “Fishes of Malabar,’? Day (1865, p. xii) remarks: “ Block observes that in his time, 1782, 
owing to the degeneration of the speciesin the north, due to the coldness of the climate, several 
vessels were yearly dispatched from Prussia to Stockholm with further supplies of live carp.” 
