542 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 
is called the carp and sold as such in the New York market. I have not yet, how- 
ever, been able to find a single fish among those sold as carp which is really any 
other than the common gold-fish, reverted to its original normal condition. Indeed, 
in the olivaceous fish caught in great numbers in the Hudson there are usually found 
precisely similar specimens of white, red, and all intermediate conditions. While, 
therefore, I can not say that no genuine carp were transferred to the Hudson, none 
have come under my observation; and it has occurred to me as possible that the 
Prussian carp, Cyprinus carassius, L., may have been the one introduced, or possibly 
the hybrid progeny of this and the true carp may have been gradually mixed with 
the gold-fish. 
If we could know whether the description given by De Kay (1842, 
p. 188) was made by him from specimens taken in New York, or 
whether he merely copied what he gives from some European writer, 
we might be able to throw some light on this subject. Certain it is 
that his description disagrees in a number of points with that of the 
true Cyprinus carpio, but it is apparent that some of these are inac- 
curacies, as they do not agree either with the Prussian (or crucian) 
carp or with the hybrid, the so-called Cyprinus kollarii. The most 
important points in this connection are, perhaps, that he gives the 
length as 6 to 12 inches, and describes the ‘‘nape and back” as *‘ris- 
ing suddenly.” True carp in the second or third year, under ordi- 
nary conditions, should attain a length of more than 6 to 12 inches, 
while the hybrid rarely exceeds 8 inches in length (Seeley, 1886, p. 
104). It is noteworthy, too, that Captain Robinson in his letter to 
De Kay (p. 540) states that his fish grew quickly, reaching 3 or 4 
inches the first year, but after that time their growth was very slow, 
while the largest he had taken from his pond did not exceed 10 or 11 
inches. He adds, however, that those subsequently taken from the 
river were larger than those in his ponds. . 
Even more significant, it seems to me, however, is the statement 
that the nape and back rise suddenly, for though this may be in some 
of the more highly cultivated races of carp, it is not usually the case, 
especially when they have bred out of the confinement of ponds for a 
time, where no artificial selection is made. On the other hand, the 
description forcibly suggests the broad shape of the hybrid mentioned, 
which in outline approaches the crucian or Prussian carp, Carassius 
vulgaris. That this last is not the fish meant by De Kay is shown by 
his statement that the fish has four barbels. 
As matters stand, we shall probably never know whether the fish 
brought over by Captain Robinson were true carp or whether he hap- 
pened when procuring the fish in France to get hold of specimens of 
the hybrid form, which occurs in abundance in many parts of Europe. 
It makes little difference which they were, however, since the com- 
paratively little stock in the fresh waters of southeastern New York 
could have little influence on the multitude of fish, from a new impor- 
tation, which was spread broadcast over the country a few years later. 
