556 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 
Terminal buds, or taste-buds, outside the mouth are hest developed 
in bottom-feeding forms and those which, like the carp, burrow into 
the mud for their food. They probably enable a carp to determine 
the presence of food material in the mud without actually having to 
take the mud into the mouth to test it. 
What part the sense of smell plays is not so well established, though 
from the experiments that have been made on other fishes it would 
appear to be of minor importance and to be of little value in a direct- 
ive way in the finding of food. In many fishes, however, it appears 
to enable them to detect the presence of food when it is in then imme- 
diate vicinity. 
The tactile sense is well developed. How far carp can detect slight 
movements of the water, a faculty attributed by Parker (1908) to the 
lateral line, has not been determined. 
MIGRATIONS. 
The word migration is not used here in the strict sense of a reg- 
ular and stated movement from one place to another, such as occurs 
in the salmon, shad, suckers, and many other species that ascend riy- 
ers and streams to spawn. The only habit of the carp which can be 
compared to this is their retreat to deeper water with cold weather 
and their return to shallower water with the coming of spring. Their 
movements at other seasons appear to be irregular and probably 
depend upon local and variable conditions. In ponds and other small 
bodies of water such migrations are necessarily limited, but may be 
much more extended and noticeable in large bodies of water such as 
the Great Lakes. 
Some attempt was made to study this question in Lake Erie and the 
adjacent waters by liberating tagged fish and distributing a circular 
among the fishermen and fish dealers of the region, asking for the 
records of any of these fish that might be recaptured. A small copper 
tag bearing a number was neve usually to the strong spine of the 
dorsal fin, by a piece of copper “ina though in a few cases the wire 
was passed through the basal lobe of one of the pectoral fins. This 
work was attempted only on a small scale at first, and later opportu- 
nity did not offer for giving it a more effective trial. Moreover, the 
method in which the carp are handled by the fishermen and in the 
wholesale houses made it very unlikely that the small tags would be 
noticed before the fish reached the retail dealers in far away cities, 
when it would be too late to get the desired data, even if the tags 
were returned. As it was, only about one hundred individuals were 
tagged and liberated, mostly in the vicinity of Port Clinton and San- 
dusky, and none of these was ever heard from again. As a conse- 
quence, direct observation and the results and testimony of the fisher- 
men had to be relied upon for what information on this subject they 
