16 DR. E. CRISP ON FILARIA GRACILIS. [Jan. 12, 
tine, are furnished with transverse folds of the mucous membrane, 
but more faintly marked. 
The important peculiarities of this bird are the great lightness 
of the skeleton, the presence of air under the skin, the great length 
of the rectum, and the extent of the mucous folds, the large calibre 
oa appendices, and the very slight connexion between the hepatic 
obes. 
6. On FinariaA GRACILIS IN A Monkey. By Epwarps Crisp, 
M.D., F.Z.S. 
I am induced to exhibit the following specimens of entozoa from 
a Monkey that I have recently dissected, because at the present time, 
as I have before stated in my paper on the Gall-bladder (Proceedings, 
1862, p. 132), I believe that these brutes (the Quadrumana) have 
by some been unduly elevated in the animal scale ; and a brief com- 
parison of the entozoa found in the Quadrumana and in the human 
subject will, I think, be profitable, as it may induce others to in- 
vestigate more fully this interesting subject. The Filariz (Filaria 
gracilis) exhibited I found in the chest, along the cesophagus, and 
over the intercostal muscles, in a Macacus cynomolgus about one- 
third grown (not in the Society’s collection) ; and I may state that, 
with the exception of some Echinococci, I have not before found an 
entozoon in nearly 200 Apes and Monkeys that I have examined ; 
but I may add that in many instances entozoa were not carefully 
looked for. Diesing, who, in his ‘Systema Helminthum,’ has col- 
lected a larger number of species of entozoa than any other writer, 
mentions forty species of Quadrumana in which entozoa were found. 
Of these forty species, including one Lemur, I find on carefully ana- 
lyzing the tables, that 83 entozoa were discovered, including 19 species; 
of these, 3 only are common to Man and to the Apes and Monkeys, 
viz. Cysticercus cellulose, Trichocephalus dispar, and Echinococcus 
polymorphus. The Filaria gracilis occurred in 19 instances, and 
its seat was as follows :—in the abdomen 12, abdomen and intercostal 
muscles 2, chest and abdomen 1, hand and intercostal muscles 1, 
skin and intercostal muscles 1, tongue 1, tongue and abdomen 1. 
From these statistics it will be seen that many of the same species 
of entozoa are found in different species of Monkey, disproving the 
generally received notion that every animal has its peculiar parasite. 
Of the entozoa common to Man and the Quadrumana, among the 
19 species above mentioned, the Trichocephalus dispar occurred in 7 
instances, the Cysticercus cellulose in 2, the Echinococcus polymor- 
phus in 2. The only species of Filaria was the F. gracilis; two 
species of tapeworm were present—the Tenia megastoma in 7 cases, 
and the Tenia rugosa in 1. Among the above animals was one An- 
thropoid Ape, the Orang ; and in this the Trichocephalus dispar was 
found. In the Hunterian Museum are entozoa from two of the’ 
Quadrumana only—the Filaria gracilis, from the Orang and the 
Capuchin Monkey. 
